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Sweet but Bitter: Focus on Fructose Impact on Brain Function in Rodent Models
Fructose consumption has drastically increased during the last decades due to the extensive commercial use of high-fructose corn syrup as a sweetener for beverages, snacks and baked goods. Fructose overconsumption is known to induce obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and inflammation, and its...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7821920/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33374894 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010001 |
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author | Spagnuolo, Maria Stefania Iossa, Susanna Cigliano, Luisa |
author_facet | Spagnuolo, Maria Stefania Iossa, Susanna Cigliano, Luisa |
author_sort | Spagnuolo, Maria Stefania |
collection | PubMed |
description | Fructose consumption has drastically increased during the last decades due to the extensive commercial use of high-fructose corn syrup as a sweetener for beverages, snacks and baked goods. Fructose overconsumption is known to induce obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and inflammation, and its metabolism is considered partially responsible for its role in several metabolic diseases. Indeed, the primary metabolites and by-products of gut and hepatic fructolysis may impair the functions of extrahepatic tissues and organs. However, fructose itself causes an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion that triggers inflammation and oxidative stress. Many studies have dealt with the effects of this sugar on various organs, while the impact of fructose on brain function is, to date, less explored, despite the relevance of this issue. Notably, fructose transporters and fructose metabolizing enzymes are present in brain cells. In addition, it has emerged that fructose consumption, even in the short term, can adversely influence brain health by promoting neuroinflammation, brain mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as well as insulin resistance. Fructose influence on synaptic plasticity and cognition, with a major impact on critical regions for learning and memory, was also reported. In this review, we discuss emerging data about fructose effects on brain health in rodent models, with special reference to the regulation of food intake, inflammation, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, insulin signaling and cognitive function. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7821920 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78219202021-01-23 Sweet but Bitter: Focus on Fructose Impact on Brain Function in Rodent Models Spagnuolo, Maria Stefania Iossa, Susanna Cigliano, Luisa Nutrients Review Fructose consumption has drastically increased during the last decades due to the extensive commercial use of high-fructose corn syrup as a sweetener for beverages, snacks and baked goods. Fructose overconsumption is known to induce obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and inflammation, and its metabolism is considered partially responsible for its role in several metabolic diseases. Indeed, the primary metabolites and by-products of gut and hepatic fructolysis may impair the functions of extrahepatic tissues and organs. However, fructose itself causes an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion that triggers inflammation and oxidative stress. Many studies have dealt with the effects of this sugar on various organs, while the impact of fructose on brain function is, to date, less explored, despite the relevance of this issue. Notably, fructose transporters and fructose metabolizing enzymes are present in brain cells. In addition, it has emerged that fructose consumption, even in the short term, can adversely influence brain health by promoting neuroinflammation, brain mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as well as insulin resistance. Fructose influence on synaptic plasticity and cognition, with a major impact on critical regions for learning and memory, was also reported. In this review, we discuss emerging data about fructose effects on brain health in rodent models, with special reference to the regulation of food intake, inflammation, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, insulin signaling and cognitive function. MDPI 2020-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7821920/ /pubmed/33374894 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010001 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Spagnuolo, Maria Stefania Iossa, Susanna Cigliano, Luisa Sweet but Bitter: Focus on Fructose Impact on Brain Function in Rodent Models |
title | Sweet but Bitter: Focus on Fructose Impact on Brain Function in Rodent Models |
title_full | Sweet but Bitter: Focus on Fructose Impact on Brain Function in Rodent Models |
title_fullStr | Sweet but Bitter: Focus on Fructose Impact on Brain Function in Rodent Models |
title_full_unstemmed | Sweet but Bitter: Focus on Fructose Impact on Brain Function in Rodent Models |
title_short | Sweet but Bitter: Focus on Fructose Impact on Brain Function in Rodent Models |
title_sort | sweet but bitter: focus on fructose impact on brain function in rodent models |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7821920/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33374894 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010001 |
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