Optimization of Protein Extraction of Oenological Interest from Grape Seed Meal Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology

After grape processing, large amounts of seeds are produced as a side product. Grape seeds are rich in proteins that could be extracted and revalorized by the wine industry due to their high techno-functional value for modulating quality features of red wines or as an alternative to the use of other stabilizers, which are also proteins but submitted to legal restrictions. Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the protein extraction from defatted grape seed meal to maximize the protein purity of the isolate under practical operating conditions of pH, temperature, meal/water ratio and extraction time. The most significant factor was pH, both in the linear and quadratic forms. Additionally, the interaction between pH and temperature exhibited a significant effect on protein content. The removal of phenolic compounds from grapeseed meal, before optimizing protein extraction, led to a significant increase of 7.70% in the protein purity of grape seed protein concentrate. Therefore, grape seeds can be used as a sustainable way for protein production in the oenological sector due to the availability of grape seeds, their low cost as a grape-processing by-product, and the protein purity reached thanks to the described procedure for optimization of protein extraction.