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Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE((-/-)) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis
Aims/hypothesis: SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have been studied as potential treatments against NAFLD, showing varying beneficial effects. The molecular mechanisms mediating these effects have not been fully clarified. Herein, we investigated the impact of empagliflozin on NAFLD, focusing particularl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829901/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467546 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020818 |
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author | Nasiri-Ansari, Narjes Nikolopoulou, Chrysa Papoutsi, Katerina Kyrou, Ioannis Mantzoros, Christos S. Kyriakopoulos, Georgios Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios Kalotychou, Vassiliki Randeva, Manpal S. Chatha, Kamaljit Kontzoglou, Konstantinos Kaltsas, Gregory Papavassiliou, Athanasios G. Randeva, Harpal S. Kassi, Eva |
author_facet | Nasiri-Ansari, Narjes Nikolopoulou, Chrysa Papoutsi, Katerina Kyrou, Ioannis Mantzoros, Christos S. Kyriakopoulos, Georgios Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios Kalotychou, Vassiliki Randeva, Manpal S. Chatha, Kamaljit Kontzoglou, Konstantinos Kaltsas, Gregory Papavassiliou, Athanasios G. Randeva, Harpal S. Kassi, Eva |
author_sort | Nasiri-Ansari, Narjes |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aims/hypothesis: SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have been studied as potential treatments against NAFLD, showing varying beneficial effects. The molecular mechanisms mediating these effects have not been fully clarified. Herein, we investigated the impact of empagliflozin on NAFLD, focusing particularly on ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Methods: Five-week old ApoE((-/-)) mice were switched from normal to a high-fat diet (HFD). After five weeks, mice were randomly allocated into a control group (HFD + vehicle) and Empa group (HFD + empagliflozin 10 mg/kg/day) for five weeks. At the end of treatment, histomorphometric analysis was performed in liver, mRNA levels of Fasn, Screbp-1, Scd-1, Ppar-γ, Pck-1, Mcp-1, Tnf-α, Il-6, F4/80, Atf4, Elf2α, Chop, Grp78, Grp94, Χbp1, Ire1α, Atf6, mTor, Lc3b, Beclin-1, P62, Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by qRT-PCR, and protein levels of p-EIF2α, EIF2a, CHOP, LC3II, P62, BECLIN-1 and cleaved CASPASE-8 were assessed by immunoblotting. Results: Empagliflozin-treated mice exhibited reduced fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels, as well as decreased NAFLD activity score, decreased expression of lipogenic enzymes (Fasn, Screbp-1c and Pck-1) and inflammatory molecules (Mcp-1 and F4/80), compared to the Control group. Empagliflozin significantly decreased the expression of ER stress molecules Grp78, Ire1α, Xbp1, Elf2α, Atf4, Atf6, Chop, P62(Sqstm1) and Grp94; whilst activating autophagy via increased AMPK phosphorylation, decreased mTOR and increased LC3B expression. Finally, empagliflozin increased the Bcl2/Bax ratio and inhibited CASPASE-8 cleavage, reducing liver cell apoptosis. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed the qPCR results. Conclusion: These novel findings indicate that empagliflozin treatment for five weeks attenuates NAFLD progression in ApoE((-/-)) mice by promoting autophagy, reducing ER stress and inhibiting hepatic apoptosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7829901 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78299012021-01-26 Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE((-/-)) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis Nasiri-Ansari, Narjes Nikolopoulou, Chrysa Papoutsi, Katerina Kyrou, Ioannis Mantzoros, Christos S. Kyriakopoulos, Georgios Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios Kalotychou, Vassiliki Randeva, Manpal S. Chatha, Kamaljit Kontzoglou, Konstantinos Kaltsas, Gregory Papavassiliou, Athanasios G. Randeva, Harpal S. Kassi, Eva Int J Mol Sci Article Aims/hypothesis: SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have been studied as potential treatments against NAFLD, showing varying beneficial effects. The molecular mechanisms mediating these effects have not been fully clarified. Herein, we investigated the impact of empagliflozin on NAFLD, focusing particularly on ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Methods: Five-week old ApoE((-/-)) mice were switched from normal to a high-fat diet (HFD). After five weeks, mice were randomly allocated into a control group (HFD + vehicle) and Empa group (HFD + empagliflozin 10 mg/kg/day) for five weeks. At the end of treatment, histomorphometric analysis was performed in liver, mRNA levels of Fasn, Screbp-1, Scd-1, Ppar-γ, Pck-1, Mcp-1, Tnf-α, Il-6, F4/80, Atf4, Elf2α, Chop, Grp78, Grp94, Χbp1, Ire1α, Atf6, mTor, Lc3b, Beclin-1, P62, Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by qRT-PCR, and protein levels of p-EIF2α, EIF2a, CHOP, LC3II, P62, BECLIN-1 and cleaved CASPASE-8 were assessed by immunoblotting. Results: Empagliflozin-treated mice exhibited reduced fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels, as well as decreased NAFLD activity score, decreased expression of lipogenic enzymes (Fasn, Screbp-1c and Pck-1) and inflammatory molecules (Mcp-1 and F4/80), compared to the Control group. Empagliflozin significantly decreased the expression of ER stress molecules Grp78, Ire1α, Xbp1, Elf2α, Atf4, Atf6, Chop, P62(Sqstm1) and Grp94; whilst activating autophagy via increased AMPK phosphorylation, decreased mTOR and increased LC3B expression. Finally, empagliflozin increased the Bcl2/Bax ratio and inhibited CASPASE-8 cleavage, reducing liver cell apoptosis. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed the qPCR results. Conclusion: These novel findings indicate that empagliflozin treatment for five weeks attenuates NAFLD progression in ApoE((-/-)) mice by promoting autophagy, reducing ER stress and inhibiting hepatic apoptosis. MDPI 2021-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7829901/ /pubmed/33467546 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020818 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Nasiri-Ansari, Narjes Nikolopoulou, Chrysa Papoutsi, Katerina Kyrou, Ioannis Mantzoros, Christos S. Kyriakopoulos, Georgios Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios Kalotychou, Vassiliki Randeva, Manpal S. Chatha, Kamaljit Kontzoglou, Konstantinos Kaltsas, Gregory Papavassiliou, Athanasios G. Randeva, Harpal S. Kassi, Eva Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE((-/-)) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis |
title | Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE((-/-)) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis |
title_full | Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE((-/-)) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis |
title_fullStr | Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE((-/-)) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE((-/-)) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis |
title_short | Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE((-/-)) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis |
title_sort | empagliflozin attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) in high fat diet fed apoe((-/-)) mice by activating autophagy and reducing er stress and apoptosis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829901/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467546 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020818 |
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