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The acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode
Acidification of drinking water to a pH between 2.5 and 3.0 is widely used to prevent the spread of bacterial diseases in animal colonies. Besides hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) is also used to acidify drinking water. Here we examined the effects of H(2)SO(4)-acidified drinking w...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7858586/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33536529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82570-0 |
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author | Whipple, Brandon Agar, Jennifer Zhao, Jing Pearce, David A. Kovács, Attila D. |
author_facet | Whipple, Brandon Agar, Jennifer Zhao, Jing Pearce, David A. Kovács, Attila D. |
author_sort | Whipple, Brandon |
collection | PubMed |
description | Acidification of drinking water to a pH between 2.5 and 3.0 is widely used to prevent the spread of bacterial diseases in animal colonies. Besides hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) is also used to acidify drinking water. Here we examined the effects of H(2)SO(4)-acidified drinking water (pH = 2.8) received from weaning (postnatal day 21) on the behavior and gut microflora of 129S6/SvEv mice, a mouse strain commonly used in transgenic studies. In contrast to HCl-acidified water, H(2)SO(4)-acidified water only temporarily impaired the pole-descending ability of mice (at 3 months of age), and did not change the performance in an accelerating rotarod test. As compared to 129S6/SvEv mice receiving non-acidified or HCl-acidified drinking water, the gut microbiota of 129S6/SvEv mice on H(2)SO(4)-acidified water displayed significant alterations at every taxonomic level especially at 6 months of age. Our results demonstrate that the effects of acidified drinking water on the behavior and gut microbiota of 129S6/SvEv mice depends on the acid used for acidification. To shed some light on how acidified drinking water affects the physiology of 129S6/SvEv mice, we analyzed the serum and fecal metabolomes and found remarkable, acidified water-induced alterations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7858586 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78585862021-02-04 The acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode Whipple, Brandon Agar, Jennifer Zhao, Jing Pearce, David A. Kovács, Attila D. Sci Rep Article Acidification of drinking water to a pH between 2.5 and 3.0 is widely used to prevent the spread of bacterial diseases in animal colonies. Besides hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) is also used to acidify drinking water. Here we examined the effects of H(2)SO(4)-acidified drinking water (pH = 2.8) received from weaning (postnatal day 21) on the behavior and gut microflora of 129S6/SvEv mice, a mouse strain commonly used in transgenic studies. In contrast to HCl-acidified water, H(2)SO(4)-acidified water only temporarily impaired the pole-descending ability of mice (at 3 months of age), and did not change the performance in an accelerating rotarod test. As compared to 129S6/SvEv mice receiving non-acidified or HCl-acidified drinking water, the gut microbiota of 129S6/SvEv mice on H(2)SO(4)-acidified water displayed significant alterations at every taxonomic level especially at 6 months of age. Our results demonstrate that the effects of acidified drinking water on the behavior and gut microbiota of 129S6/SvEv mice depends on the acid used for acidification. To shed some light on how acidified drinking water affects the physiology of 129S6/SvEv mice, we analyzed the serum and fecal metabolomes and found remarkable, acidified water-induced alterations. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7858586/ /pubmed/33536529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82570-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Whipple, Brandon Agar, Jennifer Zhao, Jing Pearce, David A. Kovács, Attila D. The acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode |
title | The acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode |
title_full | The acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode |
title_fullStr | The acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode |
title_full_unstemmed | The acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode |
title_short | The acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode |
title_sort | acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7858586/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33536529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82570-0 |
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