MAR1 suppresses inflammatory response in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells via the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ pathway

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a complex syndrome characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response to systemic infection and leads to shock, multiple organ failure and death especially if not recognized early and treated promptly. Previous studies have suggested Maresin 1 (MAR1) can alleviate systemic inflammation in sepsis, but its mechanism has not been clarified. METHODS: RAW 264.7 cells and human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) were pretreated with LPS and MAR1. The mRNA expression and supernatant levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were evaluated by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The expression levels of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: Our results show that LPS-induced inflammation increased the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and induced suppression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and PPAR-γ expression, which could be reversed by MAR1. And the effect of MAR1 was eliminated by repression of SIRT1/PPAR-γ and enhanced by PGC-1α overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: MAR1 suppressed inflammatory response in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and hPBMCs via the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ pathway.