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Biological and Pharmacological Characterization of Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide Chitosan Nanoparticles against Insulin-Resistance-Induced Cognitive Defects: A Comparative Study
[Image: see text] High consumption of industrialized food with high fat content is generally associated with insulin resistance, which in turn causes memory impairment and cognitive decline. Nicotinamide and ascorbic acid are among the promising neuroprotective molecules; however, an appreciable the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7876703/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33585742 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c05096 |
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author | Abd-Allah, Hend Nasr, Maha Ahmed-Farid, Omar A. H. El-Marasy, Salma A. Bakeer, Rofanda M. Ahmed, Rania F. |
author_facet | Abd-Allah, Hend Nasr, Maha Ahmed-Farid, Omar A. H. El-Marasy, Salma A. Bakeer, Rofanda M. Ahmed, Rania F. |
author_sort | Abd-Allah, Hend |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] High consumption of industrialized food with high fat content is generally associated with insulin resistance, which in turn causes memory impairment and cognitive decline. Nicotinamide and ascorbic acid are among the promising neuroprotective molecules; however, an appreciable therapeutic activity necessitates the administration of a large dose of either. Therefore, the study aimed to assess if loading them in chitosan nanoparticles in doses 5–10 times lower than the unencapsulated forms would achieve comparable therapeutic results. Animals were fed a high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 75 days. The vitamins in their conventional form (100 mg/kg) and the nanoparticles under investigation (10 and 20 mg/kg) were given orally concomitantly with the diet in the last 15 days. The intake of HFHF diet for 75 days led to an insulin-resistant state, with memory impairment, which was verified behaviorally through the object recognition test. This was accompanied by significant reduction in brain insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), increased acetylcholine esterase activity, increase in the serotonin and dopamine turnover ratio, and increase in oxidative stress and 8-OHdG, indicating cellular DNA fragmentation. Cellular energy was also decreased, and immunohistochemical examination verified the high immunoreactivity in both the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. The administration of nanoparticulated nicotinamide or ascorbic acid with a 10 times lesser dose than the unencapsulated forms managed to reverse all aforementioned harmful effects, with an even lesser immunoreactivity score than the unencapsulated form. Therefore, it can be concluded that nicotinamide or ascorbic acid chitosan nanoparticles can be recommended as daily supplements for neuroprotection in patients suffering from insulin resistance after conduction of clinical investigations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7876703 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78767032021-02-12 Biological and Pharmacological Characterization of Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide Chitosan Nanoparticles against Insulin-Resistance-Induced Cognitive Defects: A Comparative Study Abd-Allah, Hend Nasr, Maha Ahmed-Farid, Omar A. H. El-Marasy, Salma A. Bakeer, Rofanda M. Ahmed, Rania F. ACS Omega [Image: see text] High consumption of industrialized food with high fat content is generally associated with insulin resistance, which in turn causes memory impairment and cognitive decline. Nicotinamide and ascorbic acid are among the promising neuroprotective molecules; however, an appreciable therapeutic activity necessitates the administration of a large dose of either. Therefore, the study aimed to assess if loading them in chitosan nanoparticles in doses 5–10 times lower than the unencapsulated forms would achieve comparable therapeutic results. Animals were fed a high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 75 days. The vitamins in their conventional form (100 mg/kg) and the nanoparticles under investigation (10 and 20 mg/kg) were given orally concomitantly with the diet in the last 15 days. The intake of HFHF diet for 75 days led to an insulin-resistant state, with memory impairment, which was verified behaviorally through the object recognition test. This was accompanied by significant reduction in brain insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), increased acetylcholine esterase activity, increase in the serotonin and dopamine turnover ratio, and increase in oxidative stress and 8-OHdG, indicating cellular DNA fragmentation. Cellular energy was also decreased, and immunohistochemical examination verified the high immunoreactivity in both the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. The administration of nanoparticulated nicotinamide or ascorbic acid with a 10 times lesser dose than the unencapsulated forms managed to reverse all aforementioned harmful effects, with an even lesser immunoreactivity score than the unencapsulated form. Therefore, it can be concluded that nicotinamide or ascorbic acid chitosan nanoparticles can be recommended as daily supplements for neuroprotection in patients suffering from insulin resistance after conduction of clinical investigations. American Chemical Society 2021-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7876703/ /pubmed/33585742 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c05096 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial No Derivative Works (CC-BY-NC-ND) Attribution License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_ccbyncnd_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article, and creation of adaptations, all for non-commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | Abd-Allah, Hend Nasr, Maha Ahmed-Farid, Omar A. H. El-Marasy, Salma A. Bakeer, Rofanda M. Ahmed, Rania F. Biological and Pharmacological Characterization of Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide Chitosan Nanoparticles against Insulin-Resistance-Induced Cognitive Defects: A Comparative Study |
title | Biological and Pharmacological Characterization of
Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide Chitosan Nanoparticles against Insulin-Resistance-Induced
Cognitive Defects: A Comparative Study |
title_full | Biological and Pharmacological Characterization of
Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide Chitosan Nanoparticles against Insulin-Resistance-Induced
Cognitive Defects: A Comparative Study |
title_fullStr | Biological and Pharmacological Characterization of
Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide Chitosan Nanoparticles against Insulin-Resistance-Induced
Cognitive Defects: A Comparative Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Biological and Pharmacological Characterization of
Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide Chitosan Nanoparticles against Insulin-Resistance-Induced
Cognitive Defects: A Comparative Study |
title_short | Biological and Pharmacological Characterization of
Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide Chitosan Nanoparticles against Insulin-Resistance-Induced
Cognitive Defects: A Comparative Study |
title_sort | biological and pharmacological characterization of
ascorbic acid and nicotinamide chitosan nanoparticles against insulin-resistance-induced
cognitive defects: a comparative study |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7876703/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33585742 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c05096 |
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