Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate

Cleft lip and palate are amongst the most common congenital malformations worldwide presenting with variable manifestations. Previous research has been primarily focused on the genetical aspects of its complex and multifactorial etiology. In the present study, we investigated the role of cytokines a...

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Autores principales: Pilmane, Māra, Jain, Nityanand, Jain, Shivani, Akota, Ilze, Kroiča, Juta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7918854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33673258
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020140
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author Pilmane, Māra
Jain, Nityanand
Jain, Shivani
Akota, Ilze
Kroiča, Juta
author_facet Pilmane, Māra
Jain, Nityanand
Jain, Shivani
Akota, Ilze
Kroiča, Juta
author_sort Pilmane, Māra
collection PubMed
description Cleft lip and palate are amongst the most common congenital malformations worldwide presenting with variable manifestations. Previous research has been primarily focused on the genetical aspects of its complex and multifactorial etiology. In the present study, we investigated the role of cytokines as mediators of epithelial–mesenchymal crosstalk and local site inflammation in cleft affected infants. Lip material was obtained from 12 children aged before primary dentition who suffered from orofacial clefting. The quantification of 12 cytokines (Interleukin-2,4,5,6,10,12,13,17A, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interferon-γ, Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor) was done using ELISA. Nonparametric Spearman Rho was used to ascertain the correlation between the expression levels of different cytokines. A significantly strong positive correlation was found between IL-2 and IFN-γ coupled with an IL4/IFN-γ ratio favoring IFN-γ. These findings indicate a shift towards the preferential activation of the Th1 differentiation pathway. Further, a pathological reduction in TGFβ-1 levels was noted, which may contribute to mucosal damage. IL-6 was more highly correlated to IFN-γ and IL-12 indicating its potential proinflammatory role in cleft affected tissues. This preferential activation of Th1 cell differentiation and consistent expression of IL-2,6,13 and TNF-α in cleft patients may indicate certain underlying mechanisms for inflammation mediation at the site of clefting.
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spelling pubmed-79188542021-03-02 Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate Pilmane, Māra Jain, Nityanand Jain, Shivani Akota, Ilze Kroiča, Juta Children (Basel) Article Cleft lip and palate are amongst the most common congenital malformations worldwide presenting with variable manifestations. Previous research has been primarily focused on the genetical aspects of its complex and multifactorial etiology. In the present study, we investigated the role of cytokines as mediators of epithelial–mesenchymal crosstalk and local site inflammation in cleft affected infants. Lip material was obtained from 12 children aged before primary dentition who suffered from orofacial clefting. The quantification of 12 cytokines (Interleukin-2,4,5,6,10,12,13,17A, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interferon-γ, Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor) was done using ELISA. Nonparametric Spearman Rho was used to ascertain the correlation between the expression levels of different cytokines. A significantly strong positive correlation was found between IL-2 and IFN-γ coupled with an IL4/IFN-γ ratio favoring IFN-γ. These findings indicate a shift towards the preferential activation of the Th1 differentiation pathway. Further, a pathological reduction in TGFβ-1 levels was noted, which may contribute to mucosal damage. IL-6 was more highly correlated to IFN-γ and IL-12 indicating its potential proinflammatory role in cleft affected tissues. This preferential activation of Th1 cell differentiation and consistent expression of IL-2,6,13 and TNF-α in cleft patients may indicate certain underlying mechanisms for inflammation mediation at the site of clefting. MDPI 2021-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7918854/ /pubmed/33673258 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020140 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Pilmane, Māra
Jain, Nityanand
Jain, Shivani
Akota, Ilze
Kroiča, Juta
Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate
title Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate
title_full Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate
title_fullStr Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate
title_full_unstemmed Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate
title_short Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate
title_sort quantification of cytokines in lip tissue from infants affected by congenital cleft lip and palate
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7918854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33673258
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020140
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