Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate
Cleft lip and palate are amongst the most common congenital malformations worldwide presenting with variable manifestations. Previous research has been primarily focused on the genetical aspects of its complex and multifactorial etiology. In the present study, we investigated the role of cytokines a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7918854/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33673258 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020140 |
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author | Pilmane, Māra Jain, Nityanand Jain, Shivani Akota, Ilze Kroiča, Juta |
author_facet | Pilmane, Māra Jain, Nityanand Jain, Shivani Akota, Ilze Kroiča, Juta |
author_sort | Pilmane, Māra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cleft lip and palate are amongst the most common congenital malformations worldwide presenting with variable manifestations. Previous research has been primarily focused on the genetical aspects of its complex and multifactorial etiology. In the present study, we investigated the role of cytokines as mediators of epithelial–mesenchymal crosstalk and local site inflammation in cleft affected infants. Lip material was obtained from 12 children aged before primary dentition who suffered from orofacial clefting. The quantification of 12 cytokines (Interleukin-2,4,5,6,10,12,13,17A, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interferon-γ, Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor) was done using ELISA. Nonparametric Spearman Rho was used to ascertain the correlation between the expression levels of different cytokines. A significantly strong positive correlation was found between IL-2 and IFN-γ coupled with an IL4/IFN-γ ratio favoring IFN-γ. These findings indicate a shift towards the preferential activation of the Th1 differentiation pathway. Further, a pathological reduction in TGFβ-1 levels was noted, which may contribute to mucosal damage. IL-6 was more highly correlated to IFN-γ and IL-12 indicating its potential proinflammatory role in cleft affected tissues. This preferential activation of Th1 cell differentiation and consistent expression of IL-2,6,13 and TNF-α in cleft patients may indicate certain underlying mechanisms for inflammation mediation at the site of clefting. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7918854 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79188542021-03-02 Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate Pilmane, Māra Jain, Nityanand Jain, Shivani Akota, Ilze Kroiča, Juta Children (Basel) Article Cleft lip and palate are amongst the most common congenital malformations worldwide presenting with variable manifestations. Previous research has been primarily focused on the genetical aspects of its complex and multifactorial etiology. In the present study, we investigated the role of cytokines as mediators of epithelial–mesenchymal crosstalk and local site inflammation in cleft affected infants. Lip material was obtained from 12 children aged before primary dentition who suffered from orofacial clefting. The quantification of 12 cytokines (Interleukin-2,4,5,6,10,12,13,17A, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interferon-γ, Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor) was done using ELISA. Nonparametric Spearman Rho was used to ascertain the correlation between the expression levels of different cytokines. A significantly strong positive correlation was found between IL-2 and IFN-γ coupled with an IL4/IFN-γ ratio favoring IFN-γ. These findings indicate a shift towards the preferential activation of the Th1 differentiation pathway. Further, a pathological reduction in TGFβ-1 levels was noted, which may contribute to mucosal damage. IL-6 was more highly correlated to IFN-γ and IL-12 indicating its potential proinflammatory role in cleft affected tissues. This preferential activation of Th1 cell differentiation and consistent expression of IL-2,6,13 and TNF-α in cleft patients may indicate certain underlying mechanisms for inflammation mediation at the site of clefting. MDPI 2021-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7918854/ /pubmed/33673258 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020140 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pilmane, Māra Jain, Nityanand Jain, Shivani Akota, Ilze Kroiča, Juta Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate |
title | Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate |
title_full | Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate |
title_fullStr | Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate |
title_full_unstemmed | Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate |
title_short | Quantification of Cytokines in Lip Tissue from Infants Affected by Congenital Cleft Lip and Palate |
title_sort | quantification of cytokines in lip tissue from infants affected by congenital cleft lip and palate |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7918854/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33673258 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020140 |
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