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Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer prope...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7922858/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19020113 |
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author | Remize, Marine Brunel, Yves Silva, Joana L. Berthon, Jean-Yves Filaire, Edith |
author_facet | Remize, Marine Brunel, Yves Silva, Joana L. Berthon, Jean-Yves Filaire, Edith |
author_sort | Remize, Marine |
collection | PubMed |
description | N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties. For these reasons, they are receiving more and more attention in recent years, especially future food or feed development. EPA and DHA come mainly from marine sources like fish or seaweed. Unfortunately, due to global warming, these compounds are becoming scarce for humans because of overfishing and stock reduction. Although increasing in recent years, aquaculture appears insufficient to meet the increasing requirements of these healthy molecules for humans. One alternative resides in the cultivation of microalgae, the initial producers of EPA and DHA. They are also rich in biochemicals with interesting properties. After defining macro and microalgae, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on n-3 PUFAs regarding health benefits and the challenges surrounding their supply within the environmental context. Microalgae n-3 PUFA production is examined and its synthesis pathways are discussed. Finally, the use of EPA and DHA in food and feed is investigated. This work aims to define better the issues surrounding n-3 PUFA production and supply and the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of compounds to enhance the food and feed of the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7922858 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79228582021-03-03 Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries Remize, Marine Brunel, Yves Silva, Joana L. Berthon, Jean-Yves Filaire, Edith Mar Drugs Review N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties. For these reasons, they are receiving more and more attention in recent years, especially future food or feed development. EPA and DHA come mainly from marine sources like fish or seaweed. Unfortunately, due to global warming, these compounds are becoming scarce for humans because of overfishing and stock reduction. Although increasing in recent years, aquaculture appears insufficient to meet the increasing requirements of these healthy molecules for humans. One alternative resides in the cultivation of microalgae, the initial producers of EPA and DHA. They are also rich in biochemicals with interesting properties. After defining macro and microalgae, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on n-3 PUFAs regarding health benefits and the challenges surrounding their supply within the environmental context. Microalgae n-3 PUFA production is examined and its synthesis pathways are discussed. Finally, the use of EPA and DHA in food and feed is investigated. This work aims to define better the issues surrounding n-3 PUFA production and supply and the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of compounds to enhance the food and feed of the future. MDPI 2021-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7922858/ /pubmed/33670628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19020113 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Remize, Marine Brunel, Yves Silva, Joana L. Berthon, Jean-Yves Filaire, Edith Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries |
title | Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries |
title_full | Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries |
title_fullStr | Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries |
title_full_unstemmed | Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries |
title_short | Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries |
title_sort | microalgae n-3 pufas production and use in food and feed industries |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7922858/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19020113 |
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