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3-Methyladenine-enhanced susceptibility to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy
As an effective targeted therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib resistance has been frequently reported in recent years, with the activation of autophagy by cancer cells under drug stress being one of the crucial reasons. Sorafenib treatment could enhance autophagy in HCC cel...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7952045/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33395067 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0000000000001032 |
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author | Zhao, Fangfang Feng, Guohe Zhu, Junyao Su, Zhijun Guo, Ruyi Liu, Jiangfu Zhang, Huatang Zhai, Yongzhen |
author_facet | Zhao, Fangfang Feng, Guohe Zhu, Junyao Su, Zhijun Guo, Ruyi Liu, Jiangfu Zhang, Huatang Zhai, Yongzhen |
author_sort | Zhao, Fangfang |
collection | PubMed |
description | As an effective targeted therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib resistance has been frequently reported in recent years, with the activation of autophagy by cancer cells under drug stress being one of the crucial reasons. Sorafenib treatment could enhance autophagy in HCC cells and autophagy is also considered as an important mechanisms of drug resistance. Therefore, the inhibition of autophagy is a potential way to improve the sensitivity and eliminate drug resistance to restore their efficacy. To determine whether autophagy is involved in sorafenib resistance and investigate its role in the regulation of HepG2 cells’ (an HCC cell line) chemosensitivity to sorafenib, we simultaneously treated HepG2 with sorafenib and 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) (a common autophagy inhibitor). First, by performing cell counting kit 8 cell viability assay, Hoechst 33342 apoptosis staining, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis kit detection, we found that both sorafenib and 3-MA effectively inhibitted the proliferative activity of HepG2 cells and induced their apoptosis to a certain extent. This effect was significantly enhanced after these two drugs were combined, which was also confirmed by the increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Subsequently, by using AAV-GFP-LC3 transfection methods and transmission electron microscopy, we found that both the number and activity of autophagosomes in HepG2 cells in sorafenib and 3-MA group were significantly reduced, suggesting that autophagy activity was inhibited, and this result was consistent with the expression results of autophagy-related proteins. Therefore, we conclude that 3-MA may attenuate the acquired drug resistance of sorafenib by counteracting its induction of autophagy activity, thus enhancing its sensitivity to advanced HCC therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7952045 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79520452021-03-18 3-Methyladenine-enhanced susceptibility to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy Zhao, Fangfang Feng, Guohe Zhu, Junyao Su, Zhijun Guo, Ruyi Liu, Jiangfu Zhang, Huatang Zhai, Yongzhen Anticancer Drugs Preclinical Reports As an effective targeted therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib resistance has been frequently reported in recent years, with the activation of autophagy by cancer cells under drug stress being one of the crucial reasons. Sorafenib treatment could enhance autophagy in HCC cells and autophagy is also considered as an important mechanisms of drug resistance. Therefore, the inhibition of autophagy is a potential way to improve the sensitivity and eliminate drug resistance to restore their efficacy. To determine whether autophagy is involved in sorafenib resistance and investigate its role in the regulation of HepG2 cells’ (an HCC cell line) chemosensitivity to sorafenib, we simultaneously treated HepG2 with sorafenib and 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) (a common autophagy inhibitor). First, by performing cell counting kit 8 cell viability assay, Hoechst 33342 apoptosis staining, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis kit detection, we found that both sorafenib and 3-MA effectively inhibitted the proliferative activity of HepG2 cells and induced their apoptosis to a certain extent. This effect was significantly enhanced after these two drugs were combined, which was also confirmed by the increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Subsequently, by using AAV-GFP-LC3 transfection methods and transmission electron microscopy, we found that both the number and activity of autophagosomes in HepG2 cells in sorafenib and 3-MA group were significantly reduced, suggesting that autophagy activity was inhibited, and this result was consistent with the expression results of autophagy-related proteins. Therefore, we conclude that 3-MA may attenuate the acquired drug resistance of sorafenib by counteracting its induction of autophagy activity, thus enhancing its sensitivity to advanced HCC therapy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2021-01-08 2021-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7952045/ /pubmed/33395067 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0000000000001032 Text en Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. |
spellingShingle | Preclinical Reports Zhao, Fangfang Feng, Guohe Zhu, Junyao Su, Zhijun Guo, Ruyi Liu, Jiangfu Zhang, Huatang Zhai, Yongzhen 3-Methyladenine-enhanced susceptibility to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy |
title | 3-Methyladenine-enhanced susceptibility to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy |
title_full | 3-Methyladenine-enhanced susceptibility to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy |
title_fullStr | 3-Methyladenine-enhanced susceptibility to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy |
title_full_unstemmed | 3-Methyladenine-enhanced susceptibility to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy |
title_short | 3-Methyladenine-enhanced susceptibility to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy |
title_sort | 3-methyladenine-enhanced susceptibility to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy |
topic | Preclinical Reports |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7952045/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33395067 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0000000000001032 |
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