In Situ TEM of Electrochemical Incidents: Effects of Biasing and Electron Beam on Electrochemistry

[Image: see text] In situ TEM utilizing specialized holders and MEMS chips allows the investigation of the interaction, evolution, property, and function of nanostructures and devices responding to designed environments and/or stimuli. This mini-review summarizes the recent progress of in situ TEM with a liquid cell and a flow channel for the investigation of interactions among aqueous nanoparticles, electrolytes, and electrodes under the influence of electric bias and electron beam. A focus is made on nanoparticle growth by electrodeposition, particle nucleation induced by electric biasing or electron beam, self-assembly, and electrolyte breakdown. We also outline some future opportunities of in situ TEM with aqueous cells and flow.