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Face Mask-Related Ocular Surface Modifications During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical, In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, and Immune-Cytology Study
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the face mask (FM)-related ocular surface changes using clinical tests, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and impression cytology (IC), and to investigate the Dry Eye-related Quality of life Score (DEQS). METHODS: Sixty-six patients with dry eye di...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7991958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34003957 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.3.22 |
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author | Mastropasqua, Leonardo Lanzini, Manuela Brescia, Lorenza D'Aloisio, Rossella Nubile, Mario Ciancaglini, Marco D'Amario, Claudio Agnifili, Luca Mastropasqua, Rodolfo |
author_facet | Mastropasqua, Leonardo Lanzini, Manuela Brescia, Lorenza D'Aloisio, Rossella Nubile, Mario Ciancaglini, Marco D'Amario, Claudio Agnifili, Luca Mastropasqua, Rodolfo |
author_sort | Mastropasqua, Leonardo |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the face mask (FM)-related ocular surface changes using clinical tests, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and impression cytology (IC), and to investigate the Dry Eye-related Quality of life Score (DEQS). METHODS: Sixty-six patients with dry eye disease (DED) and 62 healthy subjects (group 2) using FM were enrolled. Groups were divided into: groups 1A and 2A: < 3 hours of FM wear; groups 1B and 2B: 3 to 6 hours; and groups 1C and 2C: > 6 hours. Patients underwent DEQS questionnaire, break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test I (STI), fluorescein and lissamine staining (FS and LS), IVCM to determine corneal dendritic cell density (DCD) and goblet cell density (GCD), and IC to measure HLA-DR, at baseline and after 3 months. RESULTS: FM use duration before enrollment was 27 ± 2.3 and 30 ± 4.1 (days ± SD) for groups 1 and 2 (P > 0.05). After 3 months, DEQS worsened in groups 1B and 1C, STI in groups 1A to 1C, FS and LS in group 1C (P < 0.05); in controls, BUT and FS worsened only in group 2C (P < 0.05). DCD significantly increased in groups 1A to 1C and HLA-DR in groups 1B and 1C (P < 0.05), whereas GCD did not significantly change. DCD and HLA-DR increased only in group 2C (P < 0.05). DEQS significantly correlated with DCD (P = 0.05, r = 0.698; P < 0.001, r = 0.832) and HLA-DR (P = 0.043, r = −0.687; P < 0.001, r = 0.861) at baseline and 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Use of FM increases ocular surface inflammation and negatively impacts the quality of life in patients with DED. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: The study of the prolonged use of FM effects may be relevant to managing DED. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7991958 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79919582021-03-30 Face Mask-Related Ocular Surface Modifications During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical, In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, and Immune-Cytology Study Mastropasqua, Leonardo Lanzini, Manuela Brescia, Lorenza D'Aloisio, Rossella Nubile, Mario Ciancaglini, Marco D'Amario, Claudio Agnifili, Luca Mastropasqua, Rodolfo Transl Vis Sci Technol Article PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the face mask (FM)-related ocular surface changes using clinical tests, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and impression cytology (IC), and to investigate the Dry Eye-related Quality of life Score (DEQS). METHODS: Sixty-six patients with dry eye disease (DED) and 62 healthy subjects (group 2) using FM were enrolled. Groups were divided into: groups 1A and 2A: < 3 hours of FM wear; groups 1B and 2B: 3 to 6 hours; and groups 1C and 2C: > 6 hours. Patients underwent DEQS questionnaire, break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test I (STI), fluorescein and lissamine staining (FS and LS), IVCM to determine corneal dendritic cell density (DCD) and goblet cell density (GCD), and IC to measure HLA-DR, at baseline and after 3 months. RESULTS: FM use duration before enrollment was 27 ± 2.3 and 30 ± 4.1 (days ± SD) for groups 1 and 2 (P > 0.05). After 3 months, DEQS worsened in groups 1B and 1C, STI in groups 1A to 1C, FS and LS in group 1C (P < 0.05); in controls, BUT and FS worsened only in group 2C (P < 0.05). DCD significantly increased in groups 1A to 1C and HLA-DR in groups 1B and 1C (P < 0.05), whereas GCD did not significantly change. DCD and HLA-DR increased only in group 2C (P < 0.05). DEQS significantly correlated with DCD (P = 0.05, r = 0.698; P < 0.001, r = 0.832) and HLA-DR (P = 0.043, r = −0.687; P < 0.001, r = 0.861) at baseline and 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Use of FM increases ocular surface inflammation and negatively impacts the quality of life in patients with DED. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: The study of the prolonged use of FM effects may be relevant to managing DED. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2021-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7991958/ /pubmed/34003957 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.3.22 Text en Copyright 2021 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Article Mastropasqua, Leonardo Lanzini, Manuela Brescia, Lorenza D'Aloisio, Rossella Nubile, Mario Ciancaglini, Marco D'Amario, Claudio Agnifili, Luca Mastropasqua, Rodolfo Face Mask-Related Ocular Surface Modifications During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical, In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, and Immune-Cytology Study |
title | Face Mask-Related Ocular Surface Modifications During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical, In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, and Immune-Cytology Study |
title_full | Face Mask-Related Ocular Surface Modifications During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical, In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, and Immune-Cytology Study |
title_fullStr | Face Mask-Related Ocular Surface Modifications During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical, In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, and Immune-Cytology Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Face Mask-Related Ocular Surface Modifications During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical, In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, and Immune-Cytology Study |
title_short | Face Mask-Related Ocular Surface Modifications During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical, In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, and Immune-Cytology Study |
title_sort | face mask-related ocular surface modifications during covid-19 pandemic: a clinical, in vivo confocal microscopy, and immune-cytology study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7991958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34003957 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.3.22 |
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