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High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability

Sodium chloride, “salt,” is an essential component of daily food and vitally contributes to the body’s homeostasis. However, excessive salt intake has often been held responsible for numerous health risks associated with the cardiovascular system and kidney. Recent reports linked a high-salt diet (H...

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Autores principales: Na, Shin-Young, Janakiraman, Mathangi, Leliavski, Alexei, Krishnamoorthy, Gurumoorthy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999868/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33723078
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025944118
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author Na, Shin-Young
Janakiraman, Mathangi
Leliavski, Alexei
Krishnamoorthy, Gurumoorthy
author_facet Na, Shin-Young
Janakiraman, Mathangi
Leliavski, Alexei
Krishnamoorthy, Gurumoorthy
author_sort Na, Shin-Young
collection PubMed
description Sodium chloride, “salt,” is an essential component of daily food and vitally contributes to the body’s homeostasis. However, excessive salt intake has often been held responsible for numerous health risks associated with the cardiovascular system and kidney. Recent reports linked a high-salt diet (HSD) to the exacerbation of artificially induced central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune pathology through changes in microbiota and enhanced T(H)17 cell differentiation [M. Kleinewietfeld et al., Nature 496, 518–522 (2013); C. Wu et al., Nature 496, 513–517 (2013); N. Wilck et al., Nature 551, 585–589 (2017)]. However, there is no evidence that dietary salt promotes or worsens a spontaneous autoimmune disease. Here we show that HSD suppresses autoimmune disease development in a mouse model of spontaneous CNS autoimmunity. We found that HSD consumption increased the circulating serum levels of the glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone. Corticosterone enhanced the expression of tight junction molecules on the brain endothelial cells and promoted the tightening of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) thereby controlling the entry of inflammatory T cells into the CNS. Our results demonstrate the multifaceted and potentially beneficial effects of moderately increased salt consumption in CNS autoimmunity.
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spelling pubmed-79998682021-04-01 High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability Na, Shin-Young Janakiraman, Mathangi Leliavski, Alexei Krishnamoorthy, Gurumoorthy Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences Sodium chloride, “salt,” is an essential component of daily food and vitally contributes to the body’s homeostasis. However, excessive salt intake has often been held responsible for numerous health risks associated with the cardiovascular system and kidney. Recent reports linked a high-salt diet (HSD) to the exacerbation of artificially induced central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune pathology through changes in microbiota and enhanced T(H)17 cell differentiation [M. Kleinewietfeld et al., Nature 496, 518–522 (2013); C. Wu et al., Nature 496, 513–517 (2013); N. Wilck et al., Nature 551, 585–589 (2017)]. However, there is no evidence that dietary salt promotes or worsens a spontaneous autoimmune disease. Here we show that HSD suppresses autoimmune disease development in a mouse model of spontaneous CNS autoimmunity. We found that HSD consumption increased the circulating serum levels of the glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone. Corticosterone enhanced the expression of tight junction molecules on the brain endothelial cells and promoted the tightening of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) thereby controlling the entry of inflammatory T cells into the CNS. Our results demonstrate the multifaceted and potentially beneficial effects of moderately increased salt consumption in CNS autoimmunity. National Academy of Sciences 2021-03-23 2021-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7999868/ /pubmed/33723078 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025944118 Text en Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Na, Shin-Young
Janakiraman, Mathangi
Leliavski, Alexei
Krishnamoorthy, Gurumoorthy
High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability
title High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability
title_full High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability
title_fullStr High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability
title_full_unstemmed High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability
title_short High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability
title_sort high-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999868/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33723078
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025944118
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