The Development and Assessment of Modified Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Scale among Malaysian Single Electronic Cigarette Users

BACKGROUND: The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is the most widely used scale for assessing nicotine dependence on conventional tobacco cigarettes (TCGs). But the FTND does not evaluate the subject’s nicotine dependence to electronic cigarette (EC). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study wa...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rahman, Aziz Ur, Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Nik, Jamshed, Shazia, Mahmood, Syed, Iftikhar Baig, Muhammad Ahsan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020
Materias:
Original Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021063/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33828359
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_245_19

Internet

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021063/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33828359
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_245_19

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