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Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in Northern Chile and across the Andes

The study of South American camelids and their domestication is a highly debated topic in zooarchaeology. Identifying the domestic species (alpaca and llama) in archaeological sites based solely on morphological data is challenging due to their similarity with respect to their wild ancestors. Using...

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Autores principales: Diaz-Maroto, Paloma, Rey-Iglesia, Alba, Cartajena, Isabel, Núñez, Lautaro, Westbury, Michael V, Varas, Valeria, Moraga, Mauricio, Campos, Paula F, Orozco-terWengel, Pablo, Marin, Juan Carlos, Hansen, Anders J
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8032396/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33724183
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63390
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author Diaz-Maroto, Paloma
Rey-Iglesia, Alba
Cartajena, Isabel
Núñez, Lautaro
Westbury, Michael V
Varas, Valeria
Moraga, Mauricio
Campos, Paula F
Orozco-terWengel, Pablo
Marin, Juan Carlos
Hansen, Anders J
author_facet Diaz-Maroto, Paloma
Rey-Iglesia, Alba
Cartajena, Isabel
Núñez, Lautaro
Westbury, Michael V
Varas, Valeria
Moraga, Mauricio
Campos, Paula F
Orozco-terWengel, Pablo
Marin, Juan Carlos
Hansen, Anders J
author_sort Diaz-Maroto, Paloma
collection PubMed
description The study of South American camelids and their domestication is a highly debated topic in zooarchaeology. Identifying the domestic species (alpaca and llama) in archaeological sites based solely on morphological data is challenging due to their similarity with respect to their wild ancestors. Using genetic methods also presents challenges due to the hybridization history of the domestic species, which are thought to have extensively hybridized following the Spanish conquest of South America that resulted in camelids slaughtered en masse. In this study, we generated mitochondrial genomes for 61 ancient South American camelids dated between 3,500 and 2,400 years before the present (Early Formative period) from two archaeological sites in Northern Chile (Tulán-54 and Tulán-85), as well as 66 modern camelid mitogenomes and 815 modern mitochondrial control region sequences from across South America. In addition, we performed osteometric analyses to differentiate big and small body size camelids. A comparative analysis of these data suggests that a substantial proportion of the ancient vicuña genetic variation has been lost since the Early Formative period, as it is not present in modern specimens. Moreover, we propose a domestication hypothesis that includes an ancient guanaco population that no longer exists. Finally, we find evidence that interbreeding practices were widespread during the domestication process by the early camelid herders in the Atacama during the Early Formative period and predating the Spanish conquest.
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spelling pubmed-80323962021-04-12 Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in Northern Chile and across the Andes Diaz-Maroto, Paloma Rey-Iglesia, Alba Cartajena, Isabel Núñez, Lautaro Westbury, Michael V Varas, Valeria Moraga, Mauricio Campos, Paula F Orozco-terWengel, Pablo Marin, Juan Carlos Hansen, Anders J eLife Evolutionary Biology The study of South American camelids and their domestication is a highly debated topic in zooarchaeology. Identifying the domestic species (alpaca and llama) in archaeological sites based solely on morphological data is challenging due to their similarity with respect to their wild ancestors. Using genetic methods also presents challenges due to the hybridization history of the domestic species, which are thought to have extensively hybridized following the Spanish conquest of South America that resulted in camelids slaughtered en masse. In this study, we generated mitochondrial genomes for 61 ancient South American camelids dated between 3,500 and 2,400 years before the present (Early Formative period) from two archaeological sites in Northern Chile (Tulán-54 and Tulán-85), as well as 66 modern camelid mitogenomes and 815 modern mitochondrial control region sequences from across South America. In addition, we performed osteometric analyses to differentiate big and small body size camelids. A comparative analysis of these data suggests that a substantial proportion of the ancient vicuña genetic variation has been lost since the Early Formative period, as it is not present in modern specimens. Moreover, we propose a domestication hypothesis that includes an ancient guanaco population that no longer exists. Finally, we find evidence that interbreeding practices were widespread during the domestication process by the early camelid herders in the Atacama during the Early Formative period and predating the Spanish conquest. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8032396/ /pubmed/33724183 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63390 Text en © 2021, Diaz-Maroto et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Evolutionary Biology
Diaz-Maroto, Paloma
Rey-Iglesia, Alba
Cartajena, Isabel
Núñez, Lautaro
Westbury, Michael V
Varas, Valeria
Moraga, Mauricio
Campos, Paula F
Orozco-terWengel, Pablo
Marin, Juan Carlos
Hansen, Anders J
Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in Northern Chile and across the Andes
title Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in Northern Chile and across the Andes
title_full Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in Northern Chile and across the Andes
title_fullStr Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in Northern Chile and across the Andes
title_full_unstemmed Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in Northern Chile and across the Andes
title_short Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in Northern Chile and across the Andes
title_sort ancient dna reveals the lost domestication history of south american camelids in northern chile and across the andes
topic Evolutionary Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8032396/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33724183
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63390
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