WBP2 negatively regulates the Hippo pathway by competitively binding to WWC3 with LATS1 to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression

WW domain binding protein-2 (WBP2) can function as a Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) co-activator and has a crucial role in promoting breast cancer progression. However, the expression and potential molecular mechanisms of WBP2 in the context of lung cancer are not fully understood. We determined that WBP2 was highly expressed in lung cancer specimens and cell lines and that this expression was closely related to the advanced pTNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of patients. In addition, gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that WBP2 could significantly promote the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, we determined that wild-type WBP2 could competitively bind to the WW domain of WWC3 (WW and C2 domain-containing-3) with LATS1 (Large tumor suppressor-1) through its PPxY motifs, thus inhibiting the formation of the WWC3-LATS1 complex, reducing the phosphorylation level of LATS1, suppressing the activity of the Hippo pathway, and ultimately promoting YAP nuclear translocation. Therefore, from the aspect of upstream molecules of Hippo signaling, WBP2 promotes the malignant phenotype of lung cancer cells in a unique manner that is not directly dependent upon YAP, thus providing a corresponding experimental basis for the development of targeted therapeutic drugs for lung cancer.