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Use of Salt-Restriction Spoons and Its Associations with Urinary Sodium and Potassium in the Zhejiang Province of China: Results of a Population-Based Survey

In China, a major source of sodium is salt added during cooking. In this context, use of a salt-restriction spoon (SRS) has been promoted in public health campaigns and by health care providers. To describe use of and factors associated with SRS use, knowledge of correct use, and actual correct use....

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Autores principales: Du, Xiaofu, Zhao, Di, Henry, Megan E., Fang, Le, Xu, Jianwei, Chen, Xiangyu, Zhang, Jie, Bai, Yamin, Wu, Jing, Ma, Jixiang, Zhong, Jieming, Yu, Min, Appel, Lawrence J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8063796/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33804870
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041047
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author Du, Xiaofu
Zhao, Di
Henry, Megan E.
Fang, Le
Xu, Jianwei
Chen, Xiangyu
Zhang, Jie
Bai, Yamin
Wu, Jing
Ma, Jixiang
Zhong, Jieming
Yu, Min
Appel, Lawrence J.
author_facet Du, Xiaofu
Zhao, Di
Henry, Megan E.
Fang, Le
Xu, Jianwei
Chen, Xiangyu
Zhang, Jie
Bai, Yamin
Wu, Jing
Ma, Jixiang
Zhong, Jieming
Yu, Min
Appel, Lawrence J.
author_sort Du, Xiaofu
collection PubMed
description In China, a major source of sodium is salt added during cooking. In this context, use of a salt-restriction spoon (SRS) has been promoted in public health campaigns and by health care providers. To describe use of and factors associated with SRS use, knowledge of correct use, and actual correct use. This study is a population-based, representative survey of 7512 residents, aged 18 to 69 years, of China’s Zhejiang Province. The survey, which was conducted in 2017 using a multistage random sampling strategy, collected demographic information, SRS use, and physical measurements; a 24-h urine collection was obtained from 1,496 of the participants. The mean age of the participants was 44.8 years, 50.1% were females, and over 1/3 (35.3%) were classified as hypertensive. Mean 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretions were 167.3(72.2) mmol/24 h and 38.2(18.2) mmol/24 h, respectively. Only 12.0% (899/7512) of participants once used or were currently using SRS; of the 899 users, 73.4% knew how to use the SRS correctly, and just 46.5% actually used it correctly. SRS use was more commonly associated with behavioral factors rather than socio-demographic factors. Initiation of SRS use by health care providers was associated with correct technical knowledge of SRS. Lower sodium-to-potassium ratio was associated with SRS use, while SRS use was not associated with urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Use of SRS was uncommon in Zhejiang Province of China. Given that a common source of sodium in China is salt added during cooking, use of SRS is an appealing strategy, ideally as part of a multi-component campaign.
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spelling pubmed-80637962021-04-24 Use of Salt-Restriction Spoons and Its Associations with Urinary Sodium and Potassium in the Zhejiang Province of China: Results of a Population-Based Survey Du, Xiaofu Zhao, Di Henry, Megan E. Fang, Le Xu, Jianwei Chen, Xiangyu Zhang, Jie Bai, Yamin Wu, Jing Ma, Jixiang Zhong, Jieming Yu, Min Appel, Lawrence J. Nutrients Article In China, a major source of sodium is salt added during cooking. In this context, use of a salt-restriction spoon (SRS) has been promoted in public health campaigns and by health care providers. To describe use of and factors associated with SRS use, knowledge of correct use, and actual correct use. This study is a population-based, representative survey of 7512 residents, aged 18 to 69 years, of China’s Zhejiang Province. The survey, which was conducted in 2017 using a multistage random sampling strategy, collected demographic information, SRS use, and physical measurements; a 24-h urine collection was obtained from 1,496 of the participants. The mean age of the participants was 44.8 years, 50.1% were females, and over 1/3 (35.3%) were classified as hypertensive. Mean 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretions were 167.3(72.2) mmol/24 h and 38.2(18.2) mmol/24 h, respectively. Only 12.0% (899/7512) of participants once used or were currently using SRS; of the 899 users, 73.4% knew how to use the SRS correctly, and just 46.5% actually used it correctly. SRS use was more commonly associated with behavioral factors rather than socio-demographic factors. Initiation of SRS use by health care providers was associated with correct technical knowledge of SRS. Lower sodium-to-potassium ratio was associated with SRS use, while SRS use was not associated with urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Use of SRS was uncommon in Zhejiang Province of China. Given that a common source of sodium in China is salt added during cooking, use of SRS is an appealing strategy, ideally as part of a multi-component campaign. MDPI 2021-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8063796/ /pubmed/33804870 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041047 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Du, Xiaofu
Zhao, Di
Henry, Megan E.
Fang, Le
Xu, Jianwei
Chen, Xiangyu
Zhang, Jie
Bai, Yamin
Wu, Jing
Ma, Jixiang
Zhong, Jieming
Yu, Min
Appel, Lawrence J.
Use of Salt-Restriction Spoons and Its Associations with Urinary Sodium and Potassium in the Zhejiang Province of China: Results of a Population-Based Survey
title Use of Salt-Restriction Spoons and Its Associations with Urinary Sodium and Potassium in the Zhejiang Province of China: Results of a Population-Based Survey
title_full Use of Salt-Restriction Spoons and Its Associations with Urinary Sodium and Potassium in the Zhejiang Province of China: Results of a Population-Based Survey
title_fullStr Use of Salt-Restriction Spoons and Its Associations with Urinary Sodium and Potassium in the Zhejiang Province of China: Results of a Population-Based Survey
title_full_unstemmed Use of Salt-Restriction Spoons and Its Associations with Urinary Sodium and Potassium in the Zhejiang Province of China: Results of a Population-Based Survey
title_short Use of Salt-Restriction Spoons and Its Associations with Urinary Sodium and Potassium in the Zhejiang Province of China: Results of a Population-Based Survey
title_sort use of salt-restriction spoons and its associations with urinary sodium and potassium in the zhejiang province of china: results of a population-based survey
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8063796/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33804870
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041047
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