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Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host. However, in recent years, several concerns on their use have been raised. In particular, industrial processing and storage of probiotic products are still technological challenges as these could severely impair cell viabilit...

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Autores principales: Siciliano, Rosa Anna, Reale, Anna, Mazzeo, Maria Fiorella, Morandi, Stefano, Silvetti, Tiziana, Brasca, Milena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8068161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917707
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041225
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author Siciliano, Rosa Anna
Reale, Anna
Mazzeo, Maria Fiorella
Morandi, Stefano
Silvetti, Tiziana
Brasca, Milena
author_facet Siciliano, Rosa Anna
Reale, Anna
Mazzeo, Maria Fiorella
Morandi, Stefano
Silvetti, Tiziana
Brasca, Milena
author_sort Siciliano, Rosa Anna
collection PubMed
description Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host. However, in recent years, several concerns on their use have been raised. In particular, industrial processing and storage of probiotic products are still technological challenges as these could severely impair cell viability. On the other hand, safety of live microorganisms should be taken into account, especially when administered to vulnerable people, such as the elderly and immunodeficient individuals. These drawbacks have enhanced the interest toward new products based on non-viable probiotics such as paraprobiotics and postbiotics. In particular, paraprobiotics, defined as “inactivated microbial cells (non-viable) that confer a health benefit to the consumer,” hold the ability to regulate the adaptive and innate immune systems, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties and exert antagonistic effect against pathogens. Moreover, paraprobiotics can exhibit enhanced safety, assure technological and practical benefits and can also be used in products suitable for people with weak immunity and the elderly. These features offer an important opportunity to prompt the market with novel functional foods or nutraceuticals that are safer and more stable. This review provides an overview of central issues on paraprobiotics and highlights the urgent need for further studies aimed at assessing safety and efficacy of these products and their mechanisms of action in order to support decisions of regulatory authorities. Finally, a definition is proposed that unambiguously distinguishes paraprobiotics from postbiotics.
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spelling pubmed-80681612021-04-25 Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Siciliano, Rosa Anna Reale, Anna Mazzeo, Maria Fiorella Morandi, Stefano Silvetti, Tiziana Brasca, Milena Nutrients Review Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host. However, in recent years, several concerns on their use have been raised. In particular, industrial processing and storage of probiotic products are still technological challenges as these could severely impair cell viability. On the other hand, safety of live microorganisms should be taken into account, especially when administered to vulnerable people, such as the elderly and immunodeficient individuals. These drawbacks have enhanced the interest toward new products based on non-viable probiotics such as paraprobiotics and postbiotics. In particular, paraprobiotics, defined as “inactivated microbial cells (non-viable) that confer a health benefit to the consumer,” hold the ability to regulate the adaptive and innate immune systems, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties and exert antagonistic effect against pathogens. Moreover, paraprobiotics can exhibit enhanced safety, assure technological and practical benefits and can also be used in products suitable for people with weak immunity and the elderly. These features offer an important opportunity to prompt the market with novel functional foods or nutraceuticals that are safer and more stable. This review provides an overview of central issues on paraprobiotics and highlights the urgent need for further studies aimed at assessing safety and efficacy of these products and their mechanisms of action in order to support decisions of regulatory authorities. Finally, a definition is proposed that unambiguously distinguishes paraprobiotics from postbiotics. MDPI 2021-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8068161/ /pubmed/33917707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041225 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Siciliano, Rosa Anna
Reale, Anna
Mazzeo, Maria Fiorella
Morandi, Stefano
Silvetti, Tiziana
Brasca, Milena
Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
title Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
title_full Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
title_fullStr Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
title_full_unstemmed Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
title_short Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
title_sort paraprobiotics: a new perspective for functional foods and nutraceuticals
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8068161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917707
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041225
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