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Patch-Clamp Recordings of Action Potentials From Human Atrial Myocytes: Optimization Through Dynamic Clamp
Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Consequently, novel therapies are being developed. Ultimately, the impact of compounds on the action potential (AP) needs to be tested in freshly isolated human atrial myocytes. However, the frequent depolarized state of t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072333/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33912059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.649414 |
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author | Verkerk, Arie O. Marchal, Gerard A. Zegers, Jan G. Kawasaki, Makiri Driessen, Antoine H. G. Remme, Carol Ann de Groot, Joris R. Wilders, Ronald |
author_facet | Verkerk, Arie O. Marchal, Gerard A. Zegers, Jan G. Kawasaki, Makiri Driessen, Antoine H. G. Remme, Carol Ann de Groot, Joris R. Wilders, Ronald |
author_sort | Verkerk, Arie O. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Consequently, novel therapies are being developed. Ultimately, the impact of compounds on the action potential (AP) needs to be tested in freshly isolated human atrial myocytes. However, the frequent depolarized state of these cells upon isolation seriously hampers reliable AP recordings. Purpose: We assessed whether AP recordings from single human atrial myocytes could be improved by providing these cells with a proper inward rectifier K(+) current (I(K1)), and consequently with a regular, non-depolarized resting membrane potential (RMP), through “dynamic clamp”. Methods: Single myocytes were enzymatically isolated from left atrial appendage tissue obtained from patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing minimally invasive surgical ablation. APs were elicited at 1 Hz and measured using perforated patch-clamp methodology, injecting a synthetic I(K1) to generate a regular RMP. The injected I(K1) had strong or moderate rectification. For comparison, a regular RMP was forced through injection of a constant outward current. A wide variety of ion channel blockers was tested to assess their modulatory effects on AP characteristics. Results: Without any current injection, RMPs ranged from −9.6 to −86.2 mV in 58 cells. In depolarized cells (RMP positive to −60 mV), RMP could be set at −80 mV using I(K1) or constant current injection and APs could be evoked upon stimulation. AP duration differed significantly between current injection methods (p < 0.05) and was shortest with constant current injection and longest with injection of I(K1) with strong rectification. With moderate rectification, AP duration at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) was similar to myocytes with regular non-depolarized RMP, suggesting that a synthetic I(K1) with moderate rectification is the most appropriate for human atrial myocytes. Importantly, APs evoked using each injection method were still sensitive to all drugs tested (lidocaine, nifedipine, E-4031, low dose 4-aminopyridine, barium, and apamin), suggesting that the major ionic currents of the atrial cells remained functional. However, certain drug effects were quantitatively dependent on the current injection approach used. Conclusion: Injection of a synthetic I(K1) with moderate rectification facilitates detailed AP measurements in human atrial myocytes. Therefore, dynamic clamp represents a promising tool for testing novel antiarrhythmic drugs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8072333 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80723332021-04-27 Patch-Clamp Recordings of Action Potentials From Human Atrial Myocytes: Optimization Through Dynamic Clamp Verkerk, Arie O. Marchal, Gerard A. Zegers, Jan G. Kawasaki, Makiri Driessen, Antoine H. G. Remme, Carol Ann de Groot, Joris R. Wilders, Ronald Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Consequently, novel therapies are being developed. Ultimately, the impact of compounds on the action potential (AP) needs to be tested in freshly isolated human atrial myocytes. However, the frequent depolarized state of these cells upon isolation seriously hampers reliable AP recordings. Purpose: We assessed whether AP recordings from single human atrial myocytes could be improved by providing these cells with a proper inward rectifier K(+) current (I(K1)), and consequently with a regular, non-depolarized resting membrane potential (RMP), through “dynamic clamp”. Methods: Single myocytes were enzymatically isolated from left atrial appendage tissue obtained from patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing minimally invasive surgical ablation. APs were elicited at 1 Hz and measured using perforated patch-clamp methodology, injecting a synthetic I(K1) to generate a regular RMP. The injected I(K1) had strong or moderate rectification. For comparison, a regular RMP was forced through injection of a constant outward current. A wide variety of ion channel blockers was tested to assess their modulatory effects on AP characteristics. Results: Without any current injection, RMPs ranged from −9.6 to −86.2 mV in 58 cells. In depolarized cells (RMP positive to −60 mV), RMP could be set at −80 mV using I(K1) or constant current injection and APs could be evoked upon stimulation. AP duration differed significantly between current injection methods (p < 0.05) and was shortest with constant current injection and longest with injection of I(K1) with strong rectification. With moderate rectification, AP duration at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) was similar to myocytes with regular non-depolarized RMP, suggesting that a synthetic I(K1) with moderate rectification is the most appropriate for human atrial myocytes. Importantly, APs evoked using each injection method were still sensitive to all drugs tested (lidocaine, nifedipine, E-4031, low dose 4-aminopyridine, barium, and apamin), suggesting that the major ionic currents of the atrial cells remained functional. However, certain drug effects were quantitatively dependent on the current injection approach used. Conclusion: Injection of a synthetic I(K1) with moderate rectification facilitates detailed AP measurements in human atrial myocytes. Therefore, dynamic clamp represents a promising tool for testing novel antiarrhythmic drugs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8072333/ /pubmed/33912059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.649414 Text en Copyright © 2021 Verkerk, Marchal, Zegers, Kawasaki, Driessen, Remme, de Groot and Wilders. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Verkerk, Arie O. Marchal, Gerard A. Zegers, Jan G. Kawasaki, Makiri Driessen, Antoine H. G. Remme, Carol Ann de Groot, Joris R. Wilders, Ronald Patch-Clamp Recordings of Action Potentials From Human Atrial Myocytes: Optimization Through Dynamic Clamp |
title | Patch-Clamp Recordings of Action Potentials From Human Atrial Myocytes: Optimization Through Dynamic Clamp |
title_full | Patch-Clamp Recordings of Action Potentials From Human Atrial Myocytes: Optimization Through Dynamic Clamp |
title_fullStr | Patch-Clamp Recordings of Action Potentials From Human Atrial Myocytes: Optimization Through Dynamic Clamp |
title_full_unstemmed | Patch-Clamp Recordings of Action Potentials From Human Atrial Myocytes: Optimization Through Dynamic Clamp |
title_short | Patch-Clamp Recordings of Action Potentials From Human Atrial Myocytes: Optimization Through Dynamic Clamp |
title_sort | patch-clamp recordings of action potentials from human atrial myocytes: optimization through dynamic clamp |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072333/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33912059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.649414 |
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