Are the elemental fingerprints of organic and conventional food different? ED-XRF as screening technique

Research has been conducted the last years to assess whether organically grown food is chemically different from produce of conventional agriculture and which markers are appropriate to discriminate between them. Most articles focus on one single food commodity, produced under strict controlled organic farming conditions, leaving open the question whether the difference would be seen when applied to the same commodity under different growing conditions. In this work 118 organic and 151 conventional samples of commercially available paprika powder, cinnamon, coffee, tea, chocolate, rice, wheat flour, cane sugar, coconut water, honey and bovine milk were characterised for their elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Resulting profiles were analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Organic samples of a given commodity clustered together and were separated from their conventional counterparts. Differences in the elemental composition of food, could be used to develop statistical models for verifying the agronomical production system.