Differentiation, functions, and roles of T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases

T follicular helper cells participate in stimulating germinal center (GC) formation and supporting B cell differentiation and autoantibody production. However, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells suppress B cell activation. Since changes in the number and functions of Tfr cells lead to dysregulated...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hao, He, Nakayamada, Shingo, Tanaka, Yoshiya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Review
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8088831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33934711
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41232-021-00164-9
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author Hao, He
Nakayamada, Shingo
Tanaka, Yoshiya
author_facet Hao, He
Nakayamada, Shingo
Tanaka, Yoshiya
author_sort Hao, He
collection PubMed
description T follicular helper cells participate in stimulating germinal center (GC) formation and supporting B cell differentiation and autoantibody production. However, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells suppress B cell activation. Since changes in the number and functions of Tfr cells lead to dysregulated GC reaction and autoantibody response, targeting Tfr cells may benefit the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Differentiation of Tfr cells is a multistage and multifactorial process with various positive and negative regulators. Therefore, understanding the signals regulating Tfr cell generation is crucial for the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated the roles of Tfr cells in autoimmune diseases and investigated the modulators of Tfr cell differentiation. Additionally, potential immunotherapies targeting Tfr cells are highlighted.
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spelling pubmed-80888312021-05-03 Differentiation, functions, and roles of T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases Hao, He Nakayamada, Shingo Tanaka, Yoshiya Inflamm Regen Review T follicular helper cells participate in stimulating germinal center (GC) formation and supporting B cell differentiation and autoantibody production. However, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells suppress B cell activation. Since changes in the number and functions of Tfr cells lead to dysregulated GC reaction and autoantibody response, targeting Tfr cells may benefit the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Differentiation of Tfr cells is a multistage and multifactorial process with various positive and negative regulators. Therefore, understanding the signals regulating Tfr cell generation is crucial for the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated the roles of Tfr cells in autoimmune diseases and investigated the modulators of Tfr cell differentiation. Additionally, potential immunotherapies targeting Tfr cells are highlighted. BioMed Central 2021-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8088831/ /pubmed/33934711 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41232-021-00164-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Hao, He
Nakayamada, Shingo
Tanaka, Yoshiya
Differentiation, functions, and roles of T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases
title Differentiation, functions, and roles of T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases
title_full Differentiation, functions, and roles of T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases
title_fullStr Differentiation, functions, and roles of T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases
title_full_unstemmed Differentiation, functions, and roles of T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases
title_short Differentiation, functions, and roles of T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases
title_sort differentiation, functions, and roles of t follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8088831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33934711
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41232-021-00164-9
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