Cargando…
Effect of extreme temperature changes on phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
BACKGROUND: Climatic changes are the most important abiotic factor affecting plant growth, crop quality and nutritional value. Plants exposed to thermal stress respond by accumulation of secondary metabolites/molecules (SMs). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a cosmopolitan crop, eaten by most of the...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8123231/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34026345 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11193 |
_version_ | 1783692841580494848 |
---|---|
author | Alhaithloul, Haifa A.S. Galal, Fatma H. Seufi, AlaaEddeen M. |
author_facet | Alhaithloul, Haifa A.S. Galal, Fatma H. Seufi, AlaaEddeen M. |
author_sort | Alhaithloul, Haifa A.S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Climatic changes are the most important abiotic factor affecting plant growth, crop quality and nutritional value. Plants exposed to thermal stress respond by accumulation of secondary metabolites/molecules (SMs). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a cosmopolitan crop, eaten by most of the world’s people because it is highly nutritious plant. It is cultivated in more than 16 thousand hectares in Saudi Arabia and thus is influenced by extreme climatic changes. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, the phytochemical effect of thermal stress was investigated in seedlings of S. lycopersicum. Such information will be very helpful in developing more tolerant tomato cultivars in a climate change scenario. METHODS: Seedlings of S. lycopersicum were subjected to heat shock; HS1 and HS2 (45 and 50 °C) and cold shock; CS (4 °C) in comparison to control; Con (25 °C). Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity were estimated under the four temperature treatments. RESULTS: Using 23 standards (17 phenolic and six flavonoids), HPLC resulted in the estimation of 16, 20, 15 and 18 compounds for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. Differences in the amounts of total phenolics, and total flavonoids were strongly correlated to thermal stress. CS plants exhibited the highest number of signals and the highest absolute quantities of total phenolics, flavonoids and sum of both. The major peaks of phenolics were (Chlorogenic acid, Resvertol), (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid, Quinol), (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid) and (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid) for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. The major peaks of flavonoids were (Quercetin, Myricetin), (Quercetin, Rutin), (Quercetin, Rutin, Catechin) and (Quercetin) for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. CS plants contain the highest amounts of Benzoic acid (8010.37 mg/kg FW) and Quercetin (2319.48 mg/kg FW). The highest TPC (131 mg GAE/100 g FW) and TFC (61 mg QE/100 g FW) were determined in the case of CS plants. In terms of IC(50)s, the CS plants showed the highest antioxidant activities (lowest values) in both of DPPH (467.73 µM TE/100 g FW) and ABTS (8.97 µM TE/100 g FW) assays. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings supported that the complexity and quantity of phenolics and flavonoids in tomato’s extract are strongly related to thermal stress. Additionally, the CS plants demonstrated more desirable phytochemical profile over the other treatments. CS plants exhibited higher number, absolute amounts of SMs, higher TPC and TFC than those of Con, HS1 and HS2 plants. Additionally, CS plants showed higher antioxidant activity than that of both HS1 and HS2 plants. Such results are very useful in justifying mechanism of tolerance in tomato plant to thermal stress in the context of climate change. Additional research has turned on to reveal molecular response of tomato to such thermal stress. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8123231 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81232312021-05-21 Effect of extreme temperature changes on phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Alhaithloul, Haifa A.S. Galal, Fatma H. Seufi, AlaaEddeen M. PeerJ Agricultural Science BACKGROUND: Climatic changes are the most important abiotic factor affecting plant growth, crop quality and nutritional value. Plants exposed to thermal stress respond by accumulation of secondary metabolites/molecules (SMs). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a cosmopolitan crop, eaten by most of the world’s people because it is highly nutritious plant. It is cultivated in more than 16 thousand hectares in Saudi Arabia and thus is influenced by extreme climatic changes. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, the phytochemical effect of thermal stress was investigated in seedlings of S. lycopersicum. Such information will be very helpful in developing more tolerant tomato cultivars in a climate change scenario. METHODS: Seedlings of S. lycopersicum were subjected to heat shock; HS1 and HS2 (45 and 50 °C) and cold shock; CS (4 °C) in comparison to control; Con (25 °C). Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity were estimated under the four temperature treatments. RESULTS: Using 23 standards (17 phenolic and six flavonoids), HPLC resulted in the estimation of 16, 20, 15 and 18 compounds for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. Differences in the amounts of total phenolics, and total flavonoids were strongly correlated to thermal stress. CS plants exhibited the highest number of signals and the highest absolute quantities of total phenolics, flavonoids and sum of both. The major peaks of phenolics were (Chlorogenic acid, Resvertol), (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid, Quinol), (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid) and (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid) for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. The major peaks of flavonoids were (Quercetin, Myricetin), (Quercetin, Rutin), (Quercetin, Rutin, Catechin) and (Quercetin) for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. CS plants contain the highest amounts of Benzoic acid (8010.37 mg/kg FW) and Quercetin (2319.48 mg/kg FW). The highest TPC (131 mg GAE/100 g FW) and TFC (61 mg QE/100 g FW) were determined in the case of CS plants. In terms of IC(50)s, the CS plants showed the highest antioxidant activities (lowest values) in both of DPPH (467.73 µM TE/100 g FW) and ABTS (8.97 µM TE/100 g FW) assays. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings supported that the complexity and quantity of phenolics and flavonoids in tomato’s extract are strongly related to thermal stress. Additionally, the CS plants demonstrated more desirable phytochemical profile over the other treatments. CS plants exhibited higher number, absolute amounts of SMs, higher TPC and TFC than those of Con, HS1 and HS2 plants. Additionally, CS plants showed higher antioxidant activity than that of both HS1 and HS2 plants. Such results are very useful in justifying mechanism of tolerance in tomato plant to thermal stress in the context of climate change. Additional research has turned on to reveal molecular response of tomato to such thermal stress. PeerJ Inc. 2021-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8123231/ /pubmed/34026345 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11193 Text en © 2021 Alhaithloul et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Agricultural Science Alhaithloul, Haifa A.S. Galal, Fatma H. Seufi, AlaaEddeen M. Effect of extreme temperature changes on phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) |
title | Effect of extreme temperature changes on phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) |
title_full | Effect of extreme temperature changes on phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) |
title_fullStr | Effect of extreme temperature changes on phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of extreme temperature changes on phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) |
title_short | Effect of extreme temperature changes on phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) |
title_sort | effect of extreme temperature changes on phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of tomato seedlings (solanum lycopersicum l.) |
topic | Agricultural Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8123231/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34026345 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11193 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT alhaithloulhaifaas effectofextremetemperaturechangesonphenolicflavonoidcontentsandantioxidantactivityoftomatoseedlingssolanumlycopersicuml AT galalfatmah effectofextremetemperaturechangesonphenolicflavonoidcontentsandantioxidantactivityoftomatoseedlingssolanumlycopersicuml AT seufialaaeddeenm effectofextremetemperaturechangesonphenolicflavonoidcontentsandantioxidantactivityoftomatoseedlingssolanumlycopersicuml |