Cargando…

Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the most prevalent developmental disorder in childhood, is a biologically heterogenous condition characterized by impaired attention and impulse control as well as motoric hyperactivity and anomalous motor skill development. Neuropsychological testing often...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Detrick, Jordan A, Zink, Caroline, Rosch, Keri Shiels, Horn, Paul S, Huddleston, David A, Crocetti, Deana, Wu, Steve W, Pedapati, Ernest V, Wassermann, Eric M, Mostofsky, Stewart H, Gilbert, Donald L
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8134834/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34041478
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab093
_version_ 1783695249800953856
author Detrick, Jordan A
Zink, Caroline
Rosch, Keri Shiels
Horn, Paul S
Huddleston, David A
Crocetti, Deana
Wu, Steve W
Pedapati, Ernest V
Wassermann, Eric M
Mostofsky, Stewart H
Gilbert, Donald L
author_facet Detrick, Jordan A
Zink, Caroline
Rosch, Keri Shiels
Horn, Paul S
Huddleston, David A
Crocetti, Deana
Wu, Steve W
Pedapati, Ernest V
Wassermann, Eric M
Mostofsky, Stewart H
Gilbert, Donald L
author_sort Detrick, Jordan A
collection PubMed
description Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the most prevalent developmental disorder in childhood, is a biologically heterogenous condition characterized by impaired attention and impulse control as well as motoric hyperactivity and anomalous motor skill development. Neuropsychological testing often demonstrates impairments in motivation and reward-related decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, believed to indicate dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway. Development of reliable, non-invasive, easily obtained and quantitative biomarkers correlating with the presence and severity of clinical symptoms and impaired domains of function could aid in identifying meaningful attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subgroups and targeting appropriate treatments. To this end, 55 (37 male) 8–12-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 50 (32 male) age-matched, typically-developing controls were enrolled in a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol—used previously to quantify cortical disinhibition in both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Parkinson’s Disease—with a child-friendly reward motivation task. The primary outcomes were reward task-induced changes in short interval cortical inhibition and up-modulation of motor evoked potential amplitudes, evaluated using mixed model, repeated measure regression. Our results show that both reward cues and reward receipt reduce short-interval cortical inhibition, and that baseline differences by diagnosis (less inhibition in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) were no longer present when reward was cued or received. Similarly, both reward cues and reward receipt up-modulated motor evoked potential amplitudes, but, differentiating the two groups, this Task-Related-Up-Modulation was decreased in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, more severe hyperactive/impulsive symptoms correlated significantly with less up-modulation with success in obtaining reward. These results suggest that in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, short interval cortical inhibition may reflect baseline deficiencies as well as processes that normalize performance under rewarded conditions. Task-Related-Up-Modulation may reflect general hypo-responsiveness in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder to both reward cue and, especially in more hyperactive/impulsive children, to successful reward receipt. These findings support transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked cortical inhibition and task-induced excitability as biomarkers of clinically relevant domains of dysfunction in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8134834
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Oxford University Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-81348342021-05-25 Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Detrick, Jordan A Zink, Caroline Rosch, Keri Shiels Horn, Paul S Huddleston, David A Crocetti, Deana Wu, Steve W Pedapati, Ernest V Wassermann, Eric M Mostofsky, Stewart H Gilbert, Donald L Brain Commun Original Article Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the most prevalent developmental disorder in childhood, is a biologically heterogenous condition characterized by impaired attention and impulse control as well as motoric hyperactivity and anomalous motor skill development. Neuropsychological testing often demonstrates impairments in motivation and reward-related decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, believed to indicate dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway. Development of reliable, non-invasive, easily obtained and quantitative biomarkers correlating with the presence and severity of clinical symptoms and impaired domains of function could aid in identifying meaningful attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subgroups and targeting appropriate treatments. To this end, 55 (37 male) 8–12-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 50 (32 male) age-matched, typically-developing controls were enrolled in a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol—used previously to quantify cortical disinhibition in both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Parkinson’s Disease—with a child-friendly reward motivation task. The primary outcomes were reward task-induced changes in short interval cortical inhibition and up-modulation of motor evoked potential amplitudes, evaluated using mixed model, repeated measure regression. Our results show that both reward cues and reward receipt reduce short-interval cortical inhibition, and that baseline differences by diagnosis (less inhibition in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) were no longer present when reward was cued or received. Similarly, both reward cues and reward receipt up-modulated motor evoked potential amplitudes, but, differentiating the two groups, this Task-Related-Up-Modulation was decreased in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, more severe hyperactive/impulsive symptoms correlated significantly with less up-modulation with success in obtaining reward. These results suggest that in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, short interval cortical inhibition may reflect baseline deficiencies as well as processes that normalize performance under rewarded conditions. Task-Related-Up-Modulation may reflect general hypo-responsiveness in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder to both reward cue and, especially in more hyperactive/impulsive children, to successful reward receipt. These findings support transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked cortical inhibition and task-induced excitability as biomarkers of clinically relevant domains of dysfunction in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Oxford University Press 2021-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8134834/ /pubmed/34041478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab093 Text en © The Author(s) (2021). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Detrick, Jordan A
Zink, Caroline
Rosch, Keri Shiels
Horn, Paul S
Huddleston, David A
Crocetti, Deana
Wu, Steve W
Pedapati, Ernest V
Wassermann, Eric M
Mostofsky, Stewart H
Gilbert, Donald L
Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
title Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
title_full Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
title_fullStr Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
title_full_unstemmed Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
title_short Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
title_sort motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8134834/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34041478
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab093
work_keys_str_mv AT detrickjordana motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder
AT zinkcaroline motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder
AT roschkerishiels motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder
AT hornpauls motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder
AT huddlestondavida motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder
AT crocettideana motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder
AT wustevew motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder
AT pedapatiernestv motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder
AT wassermannericm motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder
AT mostofskystewarth motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder
AT gilbertdonaldl motorcortexmodulationandrewardinchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder