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Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration

Dysfunction in the neurovascular unit (NVU) is a key component in the progressive deterioration of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is critical in vascular dementia. Recent studies have shown that inflammation plays early and perhaps causal roles in the pathogenesis of AD related to NVU damage, possibly...

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Autores principales: Chacón-Quintero, María Victoria, Pineda-López, Lina Gisela, Villegas-Lanau, Carlos Andrés, Posada-Duque, Rafael, Cardona-Gómez, Gloria Patricia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8136516/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34025357
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.656832
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author Chacón-Quintero, María Victoria
Pineda-López, Lina Gisela
Villegas-Lanau, Carlos Andrés
Posada-Duque, Rafael
Cardona-Gómez, Gloria Patricia
author_facet Chacón-Quintero, María Victoria
Pineda-López, Lina Gisela
Villegas-Lanau, Carlos Andrés
Posada-Duque, Rafael
Cardona-Gómez, Gloria Patricia
author_sort Chacón-Quintero, María Victoria
collection PubMed
description Dysfunction in the neurovascular unit (NVU) is a key component in the progressive deterioration of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is critical in vascular dementia. Recent studies have shown that inflammation plays early and perhaps causal roles in the pathogenesis of AD related to NVU damage, possibly in part by overactivating the aspartic acid protease activity of β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which until now has almost solely been studied in the context of the β-amyloid cascade. In this study, we analyzed the relationship of BACE1 with astrocytes and blood vessels in human brains with sporadic and familial dementia [Autosomal dominant cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD), and familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD)] and how BACE1 inhibition affects astrocytes and endothelial cells under conditions of glutamate toxicity. Our results show increased BACE1, PHF (Paired helical filaments)-tau and GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein) immunoreactivity (IR) in the CA1 hippocampal regions of FAD and SAD brains. Furthermore, BACE1 immunoprecipitated with GFAP in tissue samples from all study cases, but their immunofluorescence close to (10 μm(3)) or overlapping blood vessels was only increased in FAD and SAD brains, and PHF-tau was present around the vessels mainly in FAD brains. Interestingly, the increased BACE1 levels were associated with reactive astrocytes, characterized by morphological changes and upregulation of GFAP under pathological and stressful conditions, and endothelial disruption by glutamate excitotoxicity, and these effects were reversed by BACE1 inhibition; further, BACE1-inhibited astrocytes protected endothelial cell integrity by preserving zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) distribution and decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers. Taken together, these findings suggest that BACE1 dysregulation in astrocytes may have a role in the alterations in NVU integrity implicated in neurodegeneration.
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spelling pubmed-81365162021-05-21 Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration Chacón-Quintero, María Victoria Pineda-López, Lina Gisela Villegas-Lanau, Carlos Andrés Posada-Duque, Rafael Cardona-Gómez, Gloria Patricia Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Dysfunction in the neurovascular unit (NVU) is a key component in the progressive deterioration of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is critical in vascular dementia. Recent studies have shown that inflammation plays early and perhaps causal roles in the pathogenesis of AD related to NVU damage, possibly in part by overactivating the aspartic acid protease activity of β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which until now has almost solely been studied in the context of the β-amyloid cascade. In this study, we analyzed the relationship of BACE1 with astrocytes and blood vessels in human brains with sporadic and familial dementia [Autosomal dominant cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD), and familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD)] and how BACE1 inhibition affects astrocytes and endothelial cells under conditions of glutamate toxicity. Our results show increased BACE1, PHF (Paired helical filaments)-tau and GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein) immunoreactivity (IR) in the CA1 hippocampal regions of FAD and SAD brains. Furthermore, BACE1 immunoprecipitated with GFAP in tissue samples from all study cases, but their immunofluorescence close to (10 μm(3)) or overlapping blood vessels was only increased in FAD and SAD brains, and PHF-tau was present around the vessels mainly in FAD brains. Interestingly, the increased BACE1 levels were associated with reactive astrocytes, characterized by morphological changes and upregulation of GFAP under pathological and stressful conditions, and endothelial disruption by glutamate excitotoxicity, and these effects were reversed by BACE1 inhibition; further, BACE1-inhibited astrocytes protected endothelial cell integrity by preserving zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) distribution and decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers. Taken together, these findings suggest that BACE1 dysregulation in astrocytes may have a role in the alterations in NVU integrity implicated in neurodegeneration. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8136516/ /pubmed/34025357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.656832 Text en Copyright © 2021 Chacón-Quintero, Pineda-López, Villegas-Lanau, Posada-Duque and Cardona-Gómez. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Chacón-Quintero, María Victoria
Pineda-López, Lina Gisela
Villegas-Lanau, Carlos Andrés
Posada-Duque, Rafael
Cardona-Gómez, Gloria Patricia
Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration
title Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration
title_full Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration
title_fullStr Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration
title_full_unstemmed Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration
title_short Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration
title_sort beta-secretase 1 underlies reactive astrocytes and endothelial disruption in neurodegeneration
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8136516/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34025357
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.656832
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