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Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord

A major barrier to intraspinal regeneration after dorsal root (DR) injury is the DR entry zone (DREZ), the CNS/PNS interface. DR axons stop regenerating at the DREZ, even if regenerative capacity is increased by a nerve conditioning lesion. This potent blockade has long been attributed to myelin-ass...

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Autores principales: Zhai, Jinbin, Kim, Hyukmin, Han, Seung Baek, Manire, Meredith, Yoo, Rachel, Pang, Shuhuan, Smith, George M, Son, Young-Jin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8139830/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33942723
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63050
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author Zhai, Jinbin
Kim, Hyukmin
Han, Seung Baek
Manire, Meredith
Yoo, Rachel
Pang, Shuhuan
Smith, George M
Son, Young-Jin
author_facet Zhai, Jinbin
Kim, Hyukmin
Han, Seung Baek
Manire, Meredith
Yoo, Rachel
Pang, Shuhuan
Smith, George M
Son, Young-Jin
author_sort Zhai, Jinbin
collection PubMed
description A major barrier to intraspinal regeneration after dorsal root (DR) injury is the DR entry zone (DREZ), the CNS/PNS interface. DR axons stop regenerating at the DREZ, even if regenerative capacity is increased by a nerve conditioning lesion. This potent blockade has long been attributed to myelin-associated inhibitors and (CSPGs), but incomplete lesions and conflicting reports have prevented conclusive agreement. Here, we evaluated DR regeneration in mice using novel strategies to facilitate complete lesions and analyses, selective tracing of proprioceptive and mechanoreceptive axons, and the first simultaneous targeting of Nogo/Reticulon-4, MAG, OMgp, CSPGs, and GDNF. Co-eliminating myelin inhibitors and CSPGs elicited regeneration of only a few conditioning-lesioned DR axons across the DREZ. Their absence, however, markedly and synergistically enhanced regeneration of GDNF-stimulated axons, highlighting the importance of sufficiently elevating intrinsic growth capacity. We also conclude that myelin inhibitors and CSPGs are not the primary mechanism stopping axons at the DREZ.
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spelling pubmed-81398302021-05-24 Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord Zhai, Jinbin Kim, Hyukmin Han, Seung Baek Manire, Meredith Yoo, Rachel Pang, Shuhuan Smith, George M Son, Young-Jin eLife Neuroscience A major barrier to intraspinal regeneration after dorsal root (DR) injury is the DR entry zone (DREZ), the CNS/PNS interface. DR axons stop regenerating at the DREZ, even if regenerative capacity is increased by a nerve conditioning lesion. This potent blockade has long been attributed to myelin-associated inhibitors and (CSPGs), but incomplete lesions and conflicting reports have prevented conclusive agreement. Here, we evaluated DR regeneration in mice using novel strategies to facilitate complete lesions and analyses, selective tracing of proprioceptive and mechanoreceptive axons, and the first simultaneous targeting of Nogo/Reticulon-4, MAG, OMgp, CSPGs, and GDNF. Co-eliminating myelin inhibitors and CSPGs elicited regeneration of only a few conditioning-lesioned DR axons across the DREZ. Their absence, however, markedly and synergistically enhanced regeneration of GDNF-stimulated axons, highlighting the importance of sufficiently elevating intrinsic growth capacity. We also conclude that myelin inhibitors and CSPGs are not the primary mechanism stopping axons at the DREZ. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8139830/ /pubmed/33942723 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63050 Text en © 2021, Zhai et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Zhai, Jinbin
Kim, Hyukmin
Han, Seung Baek
Manire, Meredith
Yoo, Rachel
Pang, Shuhuan
Smith, George M
Son, Young-Jin
Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord
title Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord
title_full Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord
title_fullStr Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord
title_full_unstemmed Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord
title_short Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord
title_sort co-targeting myelin inhibitors and cspgs markedly enhances regeneration of gdnf-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8139830/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33942723
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63050
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