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Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds

Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) is a well-known epiphytic lichen commonly used in Indian spice mixtures and food preparations such as curries. This study is an attempt to find the best extraction methodology with respect to extractive yield, total polyphenolic content (TPC), total f...

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Autores principales: Kalra, Rishu, Conlan, Xavier A., Areche, Carlos, Dilawari, Rahul, Goel, Mayurika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8141859/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34040518
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.629695
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author Kalra, Rishu
Conlan, Xavier A.
Areche, Carlos
Dilawari, Rahul
Goel, Mayurika
author_facet Kalra, Rishu
Conlan, Xavier A.
Areche, Carlos
Dilawari, Rahul
Goel, Mayurika
author_sort Kalra, Rishu
collection PubMed
description Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) is a well-known epiphytic lichen commonly used in Indian spice mixtures and food preparations such as curries. This study is an attempt to find the best extraction methodology with respect to extractive yield, total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of lichen P. furfuracea. Two phenolic compounds, atraric acid and olivetoric acid were isolated and quantified in their respective extracts with the aid of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The highest concentration of both the compounds, atraric acid (4.89 mg/g DW) and olivetoric acid (11.46 mg/g DW) were found in 70% methanol extract. A direct correlation was also observed between the concentrations of these compounds with the free radical scavenging potential of the extracts which might contribute towards the antioxidant potential of the extract. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and HPLC analysis which was used to study the effect of pre-processing on extraction process highlighted the capacity of a mixer grinder technique for improved separation of surface localized metabolites and enrichment of the fraction. An investigation of the chemical profile of the bioactive extract 70% methanol extract using UHPLC-DAD-MS lead to tentative identification of forty nine compounds. This extract was also assessed towards HEK 293 T cell line for cytotoxicity analysis. Concentration range of 0.156 to 100 µg/ml of PF70M extract exhibited no significant cell death as compared to control. Further, the active extract showed protective effect against hydroxyl radical’s destructive effects on DNA when assessed using DNA nicking assay. Based upon this, it can be concluded that optimization of extraction solvent, sample pre-proceesing and extraction techniques can be useful in extraction of specific antioxidant metabolites.
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spelling pubmed-81418592021-05-25 Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds Kalra, Rishu Conlan, Xavier A. Areche, Carlos Dilawari, Rahul Goel, Mayurika Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) is a well-known epiphytic lichen commonly used in Indian spice mixtures and food preparations such as curries. This study is an attempt to find the best extraction methodology with respect to extractive yield, total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of lichen P. furfuracea. Two phenolic compounds, atraric acid and olivetoric acid were isolated and quantified in their respective extracts with the aid of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The highest concentration of both the compounds, atraric acid (4.89 mg/g DW) and olivetoric acid (11.46 mg/g DW) were found in 70% methanol extract. A direct correlation was also observed between the concentrations of these compounds with the free radical scavenging potential of the extracts which might contribute towards the antioxidant potential of the extract. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and HPLC analysis which was used to study the effect of pre-processing on extraction process highlighted the capacity of a mixer grinder technique for improved separation of surface localized metabolites and enrichment of the fraction. An investigation of the chemical profile of the bioactive extract 70% methanol extract using UHPLC-DAD-MS lead to tentative identification of forty nine compounds. This extract was also assessed towards HEK 293 T cell line for cytotoxicity analysis. Concentration range of 0.156 to 100 µg/ml of PF70M extract exhibited no significant cell death as compared to control. Further, the active extract showed protective effect against hydroxyl radical’s destructive effects on DNA when assessed using DNA nicking assay. Based upon this, it can be concluded that optimization of extraction solvent, sample pre-proceesing and extraction techniques can be useful in extraction of specific antioxidant metabolites. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8141859/ /pubmed/34040518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.629695 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kalra, Conlan, Areche, Dilawari and Goel. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pharmacology
Kalra, Rishu
Conlan, Xavier A.
Areche, Carlos
Dilawari, Rahul
Goel, Mayurika
Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds
title Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds
title_full Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds
title_fullStr Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds
title_full_unstemmed Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds
title_short Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds
title_sort metabolite profiling of the indian food spice lichen, pseudevernia furfuracea combined with optimised extraction methodology to obtain bioactive phenolic compounds
topic Pharmacology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8141859/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34040518
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.629695
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