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Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss By a Novel ROCK Inhibitor (E212) in Ischemic Optic Nerve Injury Via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Actions
PURPOSE: This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of administration of ROCK inhibitor E212 on ischemic optic neuropathy. METHODS: Rats received an intravitreal injection of either E212 or PBS immediately after optic nerve infarct. The oxidative stress in the retina was detected by perform...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8142697/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34015079 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.6.21 |
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author | Wen, Yao-Tseng Huang, Ching-Wen Liu, Chih-Peng Chen, Chih-Hung Tu, Chia-Mu Hwang, Chrong-Shiong Chen, Yi-Hsun Chen, Wan-Ru Lin, Keh-Liang Ho, Yu-Chieh Chen, Ta-Ching Tsai, Rong-Kung |
author_facet | Wen, Yao-Tseng Huang, Ching-Wen Liu, Chih-Peng Chen, Chih-Hung Tu, Chia-Mu Hwang, Chrong-Shiong Chen, Yi-Hsun Chen, Wan-Ru Lin, Keh-Liang Ho, Yu-Chieh Chen, Ta-Ching Tsai, Rong-Kung |
author_sort | Wen, Yao-Tseng |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of administration of ROCK inhibitor E212 on ischemic optic neuropathy. METHODS: Rats received an intravitreal injection of either E212 or PBS immediately after optic nerve infarct. The oxidative stress in the retina was detected by performing superoxide dismutase activity and CellROX assays. The integrity of retinal pigment epithelium was determined by staining of zona occludens 1. The visual function, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density, and RGC apoptosis were determined by using flash visual-evoked potential analysis, retrograde FluoroGold labeling, and TdT-dUTP nick end-labeling assay. Macrophage infiltration was detected by staining for ED1. The protein levels of TNF-α, p-CRMP, p-AKT1, p-STAT3, and CD206 were evaluated using Western blotting. RESULTS: Administration of E212 resulted in a 1.23-fold increase in the superoxide dismutase activity of the retina and 2.28-fold decrease in RGC-produced reactive oxygen species as compared to the levels observed upon treatment with PBS (P < 0.05). Moreover, E212 prevented the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in contrast to PBS. The P1-N2 amplitude and RGC density in the E212-treated group were 1.75- and 2.05-fold higher, respectively, than those in the PBS-treated group (P < 0.05). The numbers of apoptotic RGCs and macrophages were reduced by 2.93- and 2.54-fold, respectively, in the E212-treated group compared with those in the PBS-treated group (P < 0.05). The levels of p-AKT1, p-STAT3, and CD206 were increased, whereas those of p-PTEN, p-CRMP2, and TNF-α were decreased after treatment with E212 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with E212 suppresses oxidative stress, BRB disruption, and neuroinflammation to protect the visual function in ischemic optic neuropathy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8142697 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81426972021-05-27 Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss By a Novel ROCK Inhibitor (E212) in Ischemic Optic Nerve Injury Via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Actions Wen, Yao-Tseng Huang, Ching-Wen Liu, Chih-Peng Chen, Chih-Hung Tu, Chia-Mu Hwang, Chrong-Shiong Chen, Yi-Hsun Chen, Wan-Ru Lin, Keh-Liang Ho, Yu-Chieh Chen, Ta-Ching Tsai, Rong-Kung Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia and Neuro-Ophthalmology PURPOSE: This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of administration of ROCK inhibitor E212 on ischemic optic neuropathy. METHODS: Rats received an intravitreal injection of either E212 or PBS immediately after optic nerve infarct. The oxidative stress in the retina was detected by performing superoxide dismutase activity and CellROX assays. The integrity of retinal pigment epithelium was determined by staining of zona occludens 1. The visual function, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density, and RGC apoptosis were determined by using flash visual-evoked potential analysis, retrograde FluoroGold labeling, and TdT-dUTP nick end-labeling assay. Macrophage infiltration was detected by staining for ED1. The protein levels of TNF-α, p-CRMP, p-AKT1, p-STAT3, and CD206 were evaluated using Western blotting. RESULTS: Administration of E212 resulted in a 1.23-fold increase in the superoxide dismutase activity of the retina and 2.28-fold decrease in RGC-produced reactive oxygen species as compared to the levels observed upon treatment with PBS (P < 0.05). Moreover, E212 prevented the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in contrast to PBS. The P1-N2 amplitude and RGC density in the E212-treated group were 1.75- and 2.05-fold higher, respectively, than those in the PBS-treated group (P < 0.05). The numbers of apoptotic RGCs and macrophages were reduced by 2.93- and 2.54-fold, respectively, in the E212-treated group compared with those in the PBS-treated group (P < 0.05). The levels of p-AKT1, p-STAT3, and CD206 were increased, whereas those of p-PTEN, p-CRMP2, and TNF-α were decreased after treatment with E212 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with E212 suppresses oxidative stress, BRB disruption, and neuroinflammation to protect the visual function in ischemic optic neuropathy. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2021-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8142697/ /pubmed/34015079 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.6.21 Text en Copyright 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia and Neuro-Ophthalmology Wen, Yao-Tseng Huang, Ching-Wen Liu, Chih-Peng Chen, Chih-Hung Tu, Chia-Mu Hwang, Chrong-Shiong Chen, Yi-Hsun Chen, Wan-Ru Lin, Keh-Liang Ho, Yu-Chieh Chen, Ta-Ching Tsai, Rong-Kung Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss By a Novel ROCK Inhibitor (E212) in Ischemic Optic Nerve Injury Via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Actions |
title | Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss By a Novel ROCK Inhibitor (E212) in Ischemic Optic Nerve Injury Via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Actions |
title_full | Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss By a Novel ROCK Inhibitor (E212) in Ischemic Optic Nerve Injury Via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Actions |
title_fullStr | Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss By a Novel ROCK Inhibitor (E212) in Ischemic Optic Nerve Injury Via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Actions |
title_full_unstemmed | Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss By a Novel ROCK Inhibitor (E212) in Ischemic Optic Nerve Injury Via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Actions |
title_short | Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss By a Novel ROCK Inhibitor (E212) in Ischemic Optic Nerve Injury Via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Actions |
title_sort | inhibition of retinal ganglion cell loss by a novel rock inhibitor (e212) in ischemic optic nerve injury via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions |
topic | Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia and Neuro-Ophthalmology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8142697/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34015079 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.6.21 |
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