Comparative Evaluation of Microbiota Dynamics and Metabolites Correlation Between Spontaneous and Inoculated Fermentations of Nanfeng Tangerine Wine

Understanding the evolution of microorganisms and metabolites during wine fermentation is essential for controlling its production. The structural composition and functional capacity of the core microbiota determine the quality and quantity of fruit wine. Nanfeng tangerine wine fermentation involves a complex of various microorganisms and a wide variety of metabolites. However, the microbial succession and functional shift of the core microbiota in this product fermentation remain unclear. Therefore, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS/GC-MS) were employed to reveal the core functional microbiota for the production of volatile flavors during spontaneous fermentation (SF) and inoculated fermentation (IF) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae of Nanfeng tangerine wine. A total of 13 bacterial and 8 fungal genera were identified as the core microbiota; Lactobacillus and Acetobacter were the dominant bacteria in SF and IF, respectively. The main fungal genera in SF and IF were Hanseniaspora, Pichia, and Saccharomyces with a clear succession. In addition, the potential correlations analysis between microbiota succession and volatile flavor dynamics revealed that Lactobacillus, Acetobacter, Hanseniaspora, and Saccharomyces were the major contributors to the production of the volatile flavor of Nanfeng tangerine wine. The results of the present study provide insight into the effects of the core functional microbiota in Nanfeng tangerine wine and can be used to develop effective strategies for improving the quality of fruit wines.