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Increasing availability of lower energy meals vs. energy labelling in virtual full-service restaurants: two randomized controlled trials in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position
BACKGROUND: There are a range of interventions designed to promote healthier food choices in full-service restaurants. However, it is unclear how these interventions affect dietary choices in people of lower and higher socioeconomic position (SEP). METHODS: A total of 2091 US participants recruited...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8147368/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34034699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11007-0 |
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author | Marty, Lucile Reed, Sasha M. Jones, Andrew J. Robinson, Eric |
author_facet | Marty, Lucile Reed, Sasha M. Jones, Andrew J. Robinson, Eric |
author_sort | Marty, Lucile |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: There are a range of interventions designed to promote healthier food choices in full-service restaurants. However, it is unclear how these interventions affect dietary choices in people of lower and higher socioeconomic position (SEP). METHODS: A total of 2091 US participants recruited online completed Study 1 (n = 1001) and Study 2 (n = 1090). Recruitment was stratified by participant highest education level, resulting in higher SEP and lower SEP groups. In a between-subjects design, participants made hypothetical food choices (main dish, plus optional sides and desserts) from six restaurants menus in the absence vs. presence of menu energy labelling and from menus with baseline (10%) vs. increased availability (50%) of lower energy main dishes. Data were collected and analysed in 2019. Two studies were conducted in order to examine replicability and generalisability of findings across different restaurant menu types. RESULTS: Across both studies, increasing the availability of lower energy main menu options decreased the average energy content of the ordered main dish (− 129 kcal, 95% CI [− 139; − 119]) and total energy ordered (− 117 kcal, 95% CI [− 138; − 95]) in both higher and lower SEP participants. Energy labelling significantly reduced the energy content of ordered main dishes in higher SEP participants (− 41 kcal, 95% CI [− 54; − 29]), but not lower SEP participants (− 5 kcal, 95% CI [− 22; 11]). However, energy labelling reduced total energy ordered (− 83 kcal, 95% CI [− 105; − 60]) irrespective of SEP. CONCLUSIONS: In two virtual experiments, increasing the availability of lower energy restaurant main menu options impacted on main menu dish choice and decreased total energy ordered irrespective of SEP. Energy labelling had a less pronounced effect on total energy ordered and had a larger impact on the energy content of main menu dish choice in higher as opposed to lower SEP participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04336540 retrospectively registered (7 April, 2020). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11007-0. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8147368 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81473682021-05-26 Increasing availability of lower energy meals vs. energy labelling in virtual full-service restaurants: two randomized controlled trials in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position Marty, Lucile Reed, Sasha M. Jones, Andrew J. Robinson, Eric BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: There are a range of interventions designed to promote healthier food choices in full-service restaurants. However, it is unclear how these interventions affect dietary choices in people of lower and higher socioeconomic position (SEP). METHODS: A total of 2091 US participants recruited online completed Study 1 (n = 1001) and Study 2 (n = 1090). Recruitment was stratified by participant highest education level, resulting in higher SEP and lower SEP groups. In a between-subjects design, participants made hypothetical food choices (main dish, plus optional sides and desserts) from six restaurants menus in the absence vs. presence of menu energy labelling and from menus with baseline (10%) vs. increased availability (50%) of lower energy main dishes. Data were collected and analysed in 2019. Two studies were conducted in order to examine replicability and generalisability of findings across different restaurant menu types. RESULTS: Across both studies, increasing the availability of lower energy main menu options decreased the average energy content of the ordered main dish (− 129 kcal, 95% CI [− 139; − 119]) and total energy ordered (− 117 kcal, 95% CI [− 138; − 95]) in both higher and lower SEP participants. Energy labelling significantly reduced the energy content of ordered main dishes in higher SEP participants (− 41 kcal, 95% CI [− 54; − 29]), but not lower SEP participants (− 5 kcal, 95% CI [− 22; 11]). However, energy labelling reduced total energy ordered (− 83 kcal, 95% CI [− 105; − 60]) irrespective of SEP. CONCLUSIONS: In two virtual experiments, increasing the availability of lower energy restaurant main menu options impacted on main menu dish choice and decreased total energy ordered irrespective of SEP. Energy labelling had a less pronounced effect on total energy ordered and had a larger impact on the energy content of main menu dish choice in higher as opposed to lower SEP participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04336540 retrospectively registered (7 April, 2020). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11007-0. BioMed Central 2021-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8147368/ /pubmed/34034699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11007-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Marty, Lucile Reed, Sasha M. Jones, Andrew J. Robinson, Eric Increasing availability of lower energy meals vs. energy labelling in virtual full-service restaurants: two randomized controlled trials in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position |
title | Increasing availability of lower energy meals vs. energy labelling in virtual full-service restaurants: two randomized controlled trials in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position |
title_full | Increasing availability of lower energy meals vs. energy labelling in virtual full-service restaurants: two randomized controlled trials in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position |
title_fullStr | Increasing availability of lower energy meals vs. energy labelling in virtual full-service restaurants: two randomized controlled trials in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position |
title_full_unstemmed | Increasing availability of lower energy meals vs. energy labelling in virtual full-service restaurants: two randomized controlled trials in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position |
title_short | Increasing availability of lower energy meals vs. energy labelling in virtual full-service restaurants: two randomized controlled trials in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position |
title_sort | increasing availability of lower energy meals vs. energy labelling in virtual full-service restaurants: two randomized controlled trials in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8147368/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34034699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11007-0 |
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