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Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin
In the mid- to late 1970s, recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid methods for cloning and expressing genes in E. coli were under intense development. The important question had become: Can humans design and chemically synthesize novel genes that function in bacteria? This question was answered in 1978 an...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8152450/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33340315 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaa029 |
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author | Riggs, Arthur D |
author_facet | Riggs, Arthur D |
author_sort | Riggs, Arthur D |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the mid- to late 1970s, recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid methods for cloning and expressing genes in E. coli were under intense development. The important question had become: Can humans design and chemically synthesize novel genes that function in bacteria? This question was answered in 1978 and in 1979 with the successful expression in E. coli of 2 mammalian hormones, first somatostatin and then human insulin. The successful production of human insulin in bacteria provided, for the first time, a practical, scalable source of human insulin and resulted in the approval, in 1982, of human insulin for the treatment of diabetics. In this short review, I give my personal view of how the making, cloning, and expressing of human insulin genes was accomplished by a team of scientists led by Keiichi Itakura, Herbert W. Boyer, and myself. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8152450 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81524502021-05-28 Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin Riggs, Arthur D Endocr Rev Review In the mid- to late 1970s, recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid methods for cloning and expressing genes in E. coli were under intense development. The important question had become: Can humans design and chemically synthesize novel genes that function in bacteria? This question was answered in 1978 and in 1979 with the successful expression in E. coli of 2 mammalian hormones, first somatostatin and then human insulin. The successful production of human insulin in bacteria provided, for the first time, a practical, scalable source of human insulin and resulted in the approval, in 1982, of human insulin for the treatment of diabetics. In this short review, I give my personal view of how the making, cloning, and expressing of human insulin genes was accomplished by a team of scientists led by Keiichi Itakura, Herbert W. Boyer, and myself. Oxford University Press 2020-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8152450/ /pubmed/33340315 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaa029 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Review Riggs, Arthur D Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin |
title | Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin |
title_full | Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin |
title_fullStr | Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin |
title_full_unstemmed | Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin |
title_short | Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin |
title_sort | making, cloning, and the expression of human insulin genes in bacteria: the path to humulin |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8152450/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33340315 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaa029 |
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