Nicotine Dependence Evaluated by Urinary Cotinine and Heaviness of Smoking Index among Smokers, Vapers, and Dual Users: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

BACKGROUND: Many people use both combustible cigarette (CC) and electronic cigarette (EC). We compared nicotine dependence among CC, EC, and dual users using questionnaires and urinary cotinine levels. METHODS: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2017) database...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hwang, Ju Sam, Lee, Cheol Min, Lee, Kiheon, Kim, Choon-Young
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Academy of Family Medicine 2021
Materias:
Original Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8164922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34038987
http://dx.doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0056

Internet

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8164922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34038987
http://dx.doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0056

Ejemplares similares