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Signaling through polymerization and degradation: Analysis and simulations of T cell activation mediated by Bcl10

The adaptive immune system serves as a potent and highly specific defense mechanism against pathogen infection. One component of this system, the effector T cell, facilitates pathogen clearance upon detection of specific antigens by the T cell receptor (TCR). A critical process in effector T cell ac...

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Autores principales: Campanello, Leonard, Traver, Maria K., Shroff, Hari, Schaefer, Brian C., Losert, Wolfgang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8184007/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34014917
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007986
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author Campanello, Leonard
Traver, Maria K.
Shroff, Hari
Schaefer, Brian C.
Losert, Wolfgang
author_facet Campanello, Leonard
Traver, Maria K.
Shroff, Hari
Schaefer, Brian C.
Losert, Wolfgang
author_sort Campanello, Leonard
collection PubMed
description The adaptive immune system serves as a potent and highly specific defense mechanism against pathogen infection. One component of this system, the effector T cell, facilitates pathogen clearance upon detection of specific antigens by the T cell receptor (TCR). A critical process in effector T cell activation is transmission of signals from the TCR to a key transcriptional regulator, NF-κB. The transmission of this signal involves a highly dynamic process in which helical filaments of Bcl10, a key protein constituent of the TCR signaling cascade, undergo competing processes of polymeric assembly and macroautophagy-dependent degradation. Through computational analysis of three-dimensional, super-resolution optical micrographs, we quantitatively characterize TCR-stimulated Bcl10 filament assembly and length dynamics, and demonstrate that filaments become shorter over time. Additionally, we develop an image-based, bootstrap-like resampling method that demonstrates the preferred association between autophagosomes and both Bcl10-filament ends and punctate-Bcl10 structures, implying that autophagosome-driven macroautophagy is directly responsible for Bcl10 filament shortening. We probe Bcl10 polymerization-depolymerization dynamics with a stochastic Monte-Carlo simulation of nucleation-limited filament assembly and degradation, and we show that high probabilities of filament nucleation in response to TCR engagement could provide the observed robust, homogeneous, and tunable response dynamic. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the speed of filament disassembly preferentially at filament ends provides effective regulatory control. Taken together, these data suggest that Bcl10 filament growth and degradation act as an excitable system that provides a digital response mechanism and the reliable timing critical for T cell activation and regulatory processes.
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spelling pubmed-81840072021-06-21 Signaling through polymerization and degradation: Analysis and simulations of T cell activation mediated by Bcl10 Campanello, Leonard Traver, Maria K. Shroff, Hari Schaefer, Brian C. Losert, Wolfgang PLoS Comput Biol Research Article The adaptive immune system serves as a potent and highly specific defense mechanism against pathogen infection. One component of this system, the effector T cell, facilitates pathogen clearance upon detection of specific antigens by the T cell receptor (TCR). A critical process in effector T cell activation is transmission of signals from the TCR to a key transcriptional regulator, NF-κB. The transmission of this signal involves a highly dynamic process in which helical filaments of Bcl10, a key protein constituent of the TCR signaling cascade, undergo competing processes of polymeric assembly and macroautophagy-dependent degradation. Through computational analysis of three-dimensional, super-resolution optical micrographs, we quantitatively characterize TCR-stimulated Bcl10 filament assembly and length dynamics, and demonstrate that filaments become shorter over time. Additionally, we develop an image-based, bootstrap-like resampling method that demonstrates the preferred association between autophagosomes and both Bcl10-filament ends and punctate-Bcl10 structures, implying that autophagosome-driven macroautophagy is directly responsible for Bcl10 filament shortening. We probe Bcl10 polymerization-depolymerization dynamics with a stochastic Monte-Carlo simulation of nucleation-limited filament assembly and degradation, and we show that high probabilities of filament nucleation in response to TCR engagement could provide the observed robust, homogeneous, and tunable response dynamic. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the speed of filament disassembly preferentially at filament ends provides effective regulatory control. Taken together, these data suggest that Bcl10 filament growth and degradation act as an excitable system that provides a digital response mechanism and the reliable timing critical for T cell activation and regulatory processes. Public Library of Science 2021-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8184007/ /pubmed/34014917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007986 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication.
spellingShingle Research Article
Campanello, Leonard
Traver, Maria K.
Shroff, Hari
Schaefer, Brian C.
Losert, Wolfgang
Signaling through polymerization and degradation: Analysis and simulations of T cell activation mediated by Bcl10
title Signaling through polymerization and degradation: Analysis and simulations of T cell activation mediated by Bcl10
title_full Signaling through polymerization and degradation: Analysis and simulations of T cell activation mediated by Bcl10
title_fullStr Signaling through polymerization and degradation: Analysis and simulations of T cell activation mediated by Bcl10
title_full_unstemmed Signaling through polymerization and degradation: Analysis and simulations of T cell activation mediated by Bcl10
title_short Signaling through polymerization and degradation: Analysis and simulations of T cell activation mediated by Bcl10
title_sort signaling through polymerization and degradation: analysis and simulations of t cell activation mediated by bcl10
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8184007/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34014917
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007986
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