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Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning
Learning to execute a response to obtain a reward or to inhibit a response to avoid punishment is much easier than learning the reverse, which has been referred to as “Pavlovian” biases. Despite a growing body of research into similarities and differences between active and observational learning, i...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8211594/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32322967 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01340-1 |
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author | Peterburs, Jutta Frieling, Alena Bellebaum, Christian |
author_facet | Peterburs, Jutta Frieling, Alena Bellebaum, Christian |
author_sort | Peterburs, Jutta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Learning to execute a response to obtain a reward or to inhibit a response to avoid punishment is much easier than learning the reverse, which has been referred to as “Pavlovian” biases. Despite a growing body of research into similarities and differences between active and observational learning, it is as yet unclear if Pavlovian learning biases are specific for active task performance, i.e., learning from feedback provided for one’s own actions, or if they persist also when learning by observing another person’s actions and subsequent outcomes. The present study, therefore, investigated the influence of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning. Healthy adult volunteers completed a go/nogo task that decoupled outcome valence (win/loss) and action (execution/inhibition) either actively or by observing a virtual co-player’s responses and subsequent feedback. Moreover, in a more naturalistic follow-up experiment, pairs of subjects were tested with the same task, with one subject as active learner and the other as observational learner. The results revealed Pavlovian learning biases both in active and in observational learning, with learning of go responses facilitated in the context of reward obtainment, and learning of nogo responses facilitated in the context of loss avoidance. Although the neural correlates of active and observational feedback learning have been shown to differ to some extent, these findings suggest similar mechanisms to underlie both types of learning with respect to the influence of Pavlovian biases. Moreover, performance levels and result patterns were similar in those observational learners who had observed a virtual co-player and those who had completed the task together with an active learner, suggesting that inclusion of a virtual co-player in a computerized task provides an effective manipulation of agency. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00426-020-01340-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8211594 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82115942021-07-01 Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning Peterburs, Jutta Frieling, Alena Bellebaum, Christian Psychol Res Original Article Learning to execute a response to obtain a reward or to inhibit a response to avoid punishment is much easier than learning the reverse, which has been referred to as “Pavlovian” biases. Despite a growing body of research into similarities and differences between active and observational learning, it is as yet unclear if Pavlovian learning biases are specific for active task performance, i.e., learning from feedback provided for one’s own actions, or if they persist also when learning by observing another person’s actions and subsequent outcomes. The present study, therefore, investigated the influence of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning. Healthy adult volunteers completed a go/nogo task that decoupled outcome valence (win/loss) and action (execution/inhibition) either actively or by observing a virtual co-player’s responses and subsequent feedback. Moreover, in a more naturalistic follow-up experiment, pairs of subjects were tested with the same task, with one subject as active learner and the other as observational learner. The results revealed Pavlovian learning biases both in active and in observational learning, with learning of go responses facilitated in the context of reward obtainment, and learning of nogo responses facilitated in the context of loss avoidance. Although the neural correlates of active and observational feedback learning have been shown to differ to some extent, these findings suggest similar mechanisms to underlie both types of learning with respect to the influence of Pavlovian biases. Moreover, performance levels and result patterns were similar in those observational learners who had observed a virtual co-player and those who had completed the task together with an active learner, suggesting that inclusion of a virtual co-player in a computerized task provides an effective manipulation of agency. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00426-020-01340-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-04-22 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8211594/ /pubmed/32322967 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01340-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Article Peterburs, Jutta Frieling, Alena Bellebaum, Christian Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning |
title | Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning |
title_full | Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning |
title_fullStr | Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning |
title_full_unstemmed | Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning |
title_short | Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning |
title_sort | asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8211594/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32322967 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01340-1 |
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