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Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens

Carbohydrates have long been known to mediate intracellular interactions, whether within one organism or between different organisms. Sialic acids (Sias) are carbohydrates that usually occupy the terminal positions in longer carbohydrate chains, which makes them common recognition targets mediating...

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Autores principales: Burzyńska, Patrycja, Sobala, Łukasz F., Mikołajczyk, Krzysztof, Jodłowska, Marlena, Jaśkiewicz, Ewa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227644/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199560
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11060831
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author Burzyńska, Patrycja
Sobala, Łukasz F.
Mikołajczyk, Krzysztof
Jodłowska, Marlena
Jaśkiewicz, Ewa
author_facet Burzyńska, Patrycja
Sobala, Łukasz F.
Mikołajczyk, Krzysztof
Jodłowska, Marlena
Jaśkiewicz, Ewa
author_sort Burzyńska, Patrycja
collection PubMed
description Carbohydrates have long been known to mediate intracellular interactions, whether within one organism or between different organisms. Sialic acids (Sias) are carbohydrates that usually occupy the terminal positions in longer carbohydrate chains, which makes them common recognition targets mediating these interactions. In this review, we summarize the knowledge about animal disease-causing agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa (including the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum) in which Sias play a role in infection biology. While Sias may promote binding of, e.g., influenza viruses and SV40, they act as decoys for betacoronaviruses. The presence of two common forms of Sias, Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, is species-specific, and in humans, the enzyme converting Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc (CMAH, CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase) is lost, most likely due to adaptation to pathogen regimes; we discuss the research about the influence of malaria on this trait. In addition, we present data suggesting the CMAH gene was probably present in the ancestor of animals, shedding light on its glycobiology. We predict that a better understanding of the role of Sias in disease vectors would lead to more effective clinical interventions.
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spelling pubmed-82276442021-06-26 Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens Burzyńska, Patrycja Sobala, Łukasz F. Mikołajczyk, Krzysztof Jodłowska, Marlena Jaśkiewicz, Ewa Biomolecules Review Carbohydrates have long been known to mediate intracellular interactions, whether within one organism or between different organisms. Sialic acids (Sias) are carbohydrates that usually occupy the terminal positions in longer carbohydrate chains, which makes them common recognition targets mediating these interactions. In this review, we summarize the knowledge about animal disease-causing agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa (including the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum) in which Sias play a role in infection biology. While Sias may promote binding of, e.g., influenza viruses and SV40, they act as decoys for betacoronaviruses. The presence of two common forms of Sias, Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, is species-specific, and in humans, the enzyme converting Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc (CMAH, CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase) is lost, most likely due to adaptation to pathogen regimes; we discuss the research about the influence of malaria on this trait. In addition, we present data suggesting the CMAH gene was probably present in the ancestor of animals, shedding light on its glycobiology. We predict that a better understanding of the role of Sias in disease vectors would lead to more effective clinical interventions. MDPI 2021-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8227644/ /pubmed/34199560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11060831 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Burzyńska, Patrycja
Sobala, Łukasz F.
Mikołajczyk, Krzysztof
Jodłowska, Marlena
Jaśkiewicz, Ewa
Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens
title Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens
title_full Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens
title_fullStr Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens
title_full_unstemmed Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens
title_short Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens
title_sort sialic acids as receptors for pathogens
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227644/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199560
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11060831
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