Alterations in the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Horses with Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea Compared to Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Treated Healthy Case Controls

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Antimicrobials reduced the diversity and altered the bacterial community composition of the fecal microbiome of horses. Horses that develop antimicrobial-associated diarrhea (AAD) show greater derangements in their bacterial community composition compared to antibiotic (ABX) and non-...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Arnold, Carolyn, Pilla, Rachel, Chaffin, Keith, Lidbury, Jonathan, Steiner, Joerg, Suchodolski, Jan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8235368/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204371
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061807
_version_ 1783714301035413504
author Arnold, Carolyn
Pilla, Rachel
Chaffin, Keith
Lidbury, Jonathan
Steiner, Joerg
Suchodolski, Jan
author_facet Arnold, Carolyn
Pilla, Rachel
Chaffin, Keith
Lidbury, Jonathan
Steiner, Joerg
Suchodolski, Jan
author_sort Arnold, Carolyn
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Antimicrobials reduced the diversity and altered the bacterial community composition of the fecal microbiome of horses. Horses that develop antimicrobial-associated diarrhea (AAD) show greater derangements in their bacterial community composition compared to antibiotic (ABX) and non-antibiotic (CON) control horses. Horses with AAD have altered metabolic profiles compared to ABX and CON horses. ABSTRACT: Diarrhea is an adverse effect of antimicrobial therapy in horses. This matched, case-controlled study compared the fecal microbiome and metabolome of horses on antibiotics that developed diarrhea (AAD, n = 17) to those that did not develop diarrhea (ABX, n = 15) and to a control population not exposed to antibiotics (CON, n = 31). Fecal samples were collected from horses that were matched for diet and antimicrobial agent (including dose, route, and duration of therapy). Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was performed, and QIIME 2.0 was used to generate alpha and beta diversity metrics. Untargeted metabolomics using GC-MS platforms was performed and analyzed using Metaboanalyst 5.0. Microbiome composition was significantly different in AAD compared to CON (ANOSIM, R = 0.568, p = 0.001) but not to ABX (ANOSIM, R = 0.121, p = 0.0012). AAD and ABX horses had significantly decreased richness and evenness compared to CON horses (p < 0.05). Horses on antimicrobials (AAD and ABX) had significant changes in 14 phyla compared to CON horses. Only Verrucomicrobia distinguished AAD from ABX and CON horses (q = 0.0005). Metabolite profiles of horses with AAD clustered separately from ABX and CON horses. Seven metabolites were found to be significantly different between groups (p < 0.05): L-tyrosine, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester, daidzein, and N-acetyltyramine. Metabolite profiles of horses on antimicrobials, especially those with AAD, are altered compared to CON horses.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8235368
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82353682021-06-27 Alterations in the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Horses with Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea Compared to Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Treated Healthy Case Controls Arnold, Carolyn Pilla, Rachel Chaffin, Keith Lidbury, Jonathan Steiner, Joerg Suchodolski, Jan Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Antimicrobials reduced the diversity and altered the bacterial community composition of the fecal microbiome of horses. Horses that develop antimicrobial-associated diarrhea (AAD) show greater derangements in their bacterial community composition compared to antibiotic (ABX) and non-antibiotic (CON) control horses. Horses with AAD have altered metabolic profiles compared to ABX and CON horses. ABSTRACT: Diarrhea is an adverse effect of antimicrobial therapy in horses. This matched, case-controlled study compared the fecal microbiome and metabolome of horses on antibiotics that developed diarrhea (AAD, n = 17) to those that did not develop diarrhea (ABX, n = 15) and to a control population not exposed to antibiotics (CON, n = 31). Fecal samples were collected from horses that were matched for diet and antimicrobial agent (including dose, route, and duration of therapy). Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was performed, and QIIME 2.0 was used to generate alpha and beta diversity metrics. Untargeted metabolomics using GC-MS platforms was performed and analyzed using Metaboanalyst 5.0. Microbiome composition was significantly different in AAD compared to CON (ANOSIM, R = 0.568, p = 0.001) but not to ABX (ANOSIM, R = 0.121, p = 0.0012). AAD and ABX horses had significantly decreased richness and evenness compared to CON horses (p < 0.05). Horses on antimicrobials (AAD and ABX) had significant changes in 14 phyla compared to CON horses. Only Verrucomicrobia distinguished AAD from ABX and CON horses (q = 0.0005). Metabolite profiles of horses with AAD clustered separately from ABX and CON horses. Seven metabolites were found to be significantly different between groups (p < 0.05): L-tyrosine, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester, daidzein, and N-acetyltyramine. Metabolite profiles of horses on antimicrobials, especially those with AAD, are altered compared to CON horses. MDPI 2021-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8235368/ /pubmed/34204371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061807 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Arnold, Carolyn
Pilla, Rachel
Chaffin, Keith
Lidbury, Jonathan
Steiner, Joerg
Suchodolski, Jan
Alterations in the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Horses with Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea Compared to Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Treated Healthy Case Controls
title Alterations in the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Horses with Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea Compared to Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Treated Healthy Case Controls
title_full Alterations in the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Horses with Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea Compared to Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Treated Healthy Case Controls
title_fullStr Alterations in the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Horses with Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea Compared to Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Treated Healthy Case Controls
title_full_unstemmed Alterations in the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Horses with Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea Compared to Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Treated Healthy Case Controls
title_short Alterations in the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Horses with Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea Compared to Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Treated Healthy Case Controls
title_sort alterations in the fecal microbiome and metabolome of horses with antimicrobial-associated diarrhea compared to antibiotic-treated and non-treated healthy case controls
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8235368/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204371
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061807
work_keys_str_mv AT arnoldcarolyn alterationsinthefecalmicrobiomeandmetabolomeofhorseswithantimicrobialassociateddiarrheacomparedtoantibiotictreatedandnontreatedhealthycasecontrols
AT pillarachel alterationsinthefecalmicrobiomeandmetabolomeofhorseswithantimicrobialassociateddiarrheacomparedtoantibiotictreatedandnontreatedhealthycasecontrols
AT chaffinkeith alterationsinthefecalmicrobiomeandmetabolomeofhorseswithantimicrobialassociateddiarrheacomparedtoantibiotictreatedandnontreatedhealthycasecontrols
AT lidburyjonathan alterationsinthefecalmicrobiomeandmetabolomeofhorseswithantimicrobialassociateddiarrheacomparedtoantibiotictreatedandnontreatedhealthycasecontrols
AT steinerjoerg alterationsinthefecalmicrobiomeandmetabolomeofhorseswithantimicrobialassociateddiarrheacomparedtoantibiotictreatedandnontreatedhealthycasecontrols
AT suchodolskijan alterationsinthefecalmicrobiomeandmetabolomeofhorseswithantimicrobialassociateddiarrheacomparedtoantibiotictreatedandnontreatedhealthycasecontrols