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Comparison of measures of diet quality using 24-hour recall data of First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada

OBJECTIVE: Assess the diet quality of First Nations adults in Canada using percentage energy from traditional foods (TF) and ultra-processed products (UPP), food portions from the 2007 Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide - First Nations, Inuit and Métis (EWCFG-FNIM) and a Healthy Eating Index (HEI)...

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Autores principales: Batal, Malek, Chan, Hing Man, Ing, Amy, Fediuk, Karen, Berti, Peter, Sadik, Tonio, Johnson-Down, Louise
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8239112/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34181223
http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00489-5
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author Batal, Malek
Chan, Hing Man
Ing, Amy
Fediuk, Karen
Berti, Peter
Sadik, Tonio
Johnson-Down, Louise
author_facet Batal, Malek
Chan, Hing Man
Ing, Amy
Fediuk, Karen
Berti, Peter
Sadik, Tonio
Johnson-Down, Louise
author_sort Batal, Malek
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Assess the diet quality of First Nations adults in Canada using percentage energy from traditional foods (TF) and ultra-processed products (UPP), food portions from the 2007 Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide - First Nations, Inuit and Métis (EWCFG-FNIM) and a Healthy Eating Index (HEI). METHODS: Data collection for this participatory research occurred in 92 First Nations reserves across Canada from 2008 to 2016. Percent daily energy intakes were estimated from 24-hour recalls for TF and NOVA food categories. Portions of food groups from the 2007 EWCFG-FNIM were compared to recommendations. A Canadian-adapted HEI was calculated for each participant. RESULTS: The percent energy from TF was 3% for all participants and 18% for consumers. Meat and alternatives were above the EWCFG-FNIM recommendations and all other food groups were below these. HEI was “low” with only older individuals attaining “average” scores. HEI was above “average” in 4 regions. UPP represented 55% of energy, the largest proportion from a NOVA category. CONCLUSION: The diet quality of First Nations adults in Canada is nutritionally poor. The nutrition, food security and health of First Nations would be improved by better access to TF and healthy store-bought food. However, poor diet is only one aspect of the difficulties facing First Nations in Canada. Researchers and policy makers must strive to better understand the multiple challenges facing First Nations Peoples in order to foster empowerment and self-determination to develop First Nations living conditions and lifestyles that are more culturally sound and more conducive to health.
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spelling pubmed-82391122021-07-13 Comparison of measures of diet quality using 24-hour recall data of First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada Batal, Malek Chan, Hing Man Ing, Amy Fediuk, Karen Berti, Peter Sadik, Tonio Johnson-Down, Louise Can J Public Health Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Qualitative Research OBJECTIVE: Assess the diet quality of First Nations adults in Canada using percentage energy from traditional foods (TF) and ultra-processed products (UPP), food portions from the 2007 Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide - First Nations, Inuit and Métis (EWCFG-FNIM) and a Healthy Eating Index (HEI). METHODS: Data collection for this participatory research occurred in 92 First Nations reserves across Canada from 2008 to 2016. Percent daily energy intakes were estimated from 24-hour recalls for TF and NOVA food categories. Portions of food groups from the 2007 EWCFG-FNIM were compared to recommendations. A Canadian-adapted HEI was calculated for each participant. RESULTS: The percent energy from TF was 3% for all participants and 18% for consumers. Meat and alternatives were above the EWCFG-FNIM recommendations and all other food groups were below these. HEI was “low” with only older individuals attaining “average” scores. HEI was above “average” in 4 regions. UPP represented 55% of energy, the largest proportion from a NOVA category. CONCLUSION: The diet quality of First Nations adults in Canada is nutritionally poor. The nutrition, food security and health of First Nations would be improved by better access to TF and healthy store-bought food. However, poor diet is only one aspect of the difficulties facing First Nations in Canada. Researchers and policy makers must strive to better understand the multiple challenges facing First Nations Peoples in order to foster empowerment and self-determination to develop First Nations living conditions and lifestyles that are more culturally sound and more conducive to health. Springer International Publishing 2021-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8239112/ /pubmed/34181223 http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00489-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Qualitative Research
Batal, Malek
Chan, Hing Man
Ing, Amy
Fediuk, Karen
Berti, Peter
Sadik, Tonio
Johnson-Down, Louise
Comparison of measures of diet quality using 24-hour recall data of First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada
title Comparison of measures of diet quality using 24-hour recall data of First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada
title_full Comparison of measures of diet quality using 24-hour recall data of First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada
title_fullStr Comparison of measures of diet quality using 24-hour recall data of First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of measures of diet quality using 24-hour recall data of First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada
title_short Comparison of measures of diet quality using 24-hour recall data of First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada
title_sort comparison of measures of diet quality using 24-hour recall data of first nations adults living on reserves in canada
topic Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Qualitative Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8239112/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34181223
http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00489-5
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