Effect of Educational Interventions to Reduce Readmissions due to Heart Failure Decompensation in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE. To estimate the combined effect of educational interventions (EI) on decreased readmissions and time of hospital stay in adults with heart failure, compared with usual care. METHODS. Systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) of randomized controlled trials that followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019139321). Searches were made from inception until July 2019 in the databases of PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus. The MA was conducted through the random effects model. The effect measure used for the dichotomous outcomes was relative risk (RR) and for continuous outcomes the mean difference (MD) was used, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated through the inconsistency statistic (I(2)). RESULTS. Of 2369 studies identified, 45 were included in the SR and 43 in the MA. The MA of studies with follow-up at six months showed a decrease in readmissions of 30% (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.84; I(2): 0%) and the 12-month follow-up evidenced a reduction of 33% (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.76; I(2): 52%); both analyses in favor of the EI group. Regarding the time of hospital stay, a reduction was found of approximately two days in patients who received the EI (MD: -1.98; 95% CI: -3.27 to -0.69; I(2): 7%). CONCLUSION. The findings support the benefits of EI to reduce readmissions and days of hospital stay in adult patients with heart failure.