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NLRP3 inhibition attenuates early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
BACKGROUND: The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical mediator of several vascular diseases through positive regulation of proinflammatory pathways. In this study, we defined the role of NLRP3 in both the acute and delayed phases following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH is associated with devastating...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8293512/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34284798 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02207-x |
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author | Dodd, William S. Noda, Imaray Martinez, Melanie Hosaka, Koji Hoh, Brian L. |
author_facet | Dodd, William S. Noda, Imaray Martinez, Melanie Hosaka, Koji Hoh, Brian L. |
author_sort | Dodd, William S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical mediator of several vascular diseases through positive regulation of proinflammatory pathways. In this study, we defined the role of NLRP3 in both the acute and delayed phases following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH is associated with devastating early brain injury (EBI) in the acute phase, and those that survive remain at risk for developing delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) due to cerebral vasospasm. Current therapies are not effective in preventing the morbidity and mortality associated with EBI and DCI. NLRP3 activation is known to drive IL-1β production and stimulate microglia reactivity, both hallmarks of SAH pathology; thus, we hypothesized that inhibition of NLRP3 could alleviate SAH-induced vascular dysfunction and functional deficits. METHODS: We studied NLRP3 in an anterior circulation autologous blood injection model of SAH in mice. Mice were randomized to either sham surgery + vehicle, SAH + vehicle, or SAH + MCC950 (a selective NLRP3 inhibitor). The acute phase was studied at 1 day post-SAH and delayed phase at 5 days post-SAH. RESULTS: NLRP3 inhibition improved outcomes at both 1 and 5 days post-SAH. In the acute (1 day post-SAH) phase, NLRP3 inhibition attenuated cerebral edema, tight junction disruption, microthrombosis, and microglial reactive morphology shift. Further, we observed a decrease in apoptosis of neurons in mice treated with MCC950. NLRP3 inhibition also prevented middle cerebral artery vasospasm in the delayed (5 days post-SAH) phase and blunted SAH-induced sensorimotor deficits. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a novel association between NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction in both the early and delayed phases after SAH. MCC950 and other NLRP3 inhibitors could be promising tools in the development of therapeutics for EBI and DCI. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02207-x. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8293512 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82935122021-07-21 NLRP3 inhibition attenuates early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage Dodd, William S. Noda, Imaray Martinez, Melanie Hosaka, Koji Hoh, Brian L. J Neuroinflammation Research BACKGROUND: The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical mediator of several vascular diseases through positive regulation of proinflammatory pathways. In this study, we defined the role of NLRP3 in both the acute and delayed phases following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH is associated with devastating early brain injury (EBI) in the acute phase, and those that survive remain at risk for developing delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) due to cerebral vasospasm. Current therapies are not effective in preventing the morbidity and mortality associated with EBI and DCI. NLRP3 activation is known to drive IL-1β production and stimulate microglia reactivity, both hallmarks of SAH pathology; thus, we hypothesized that inhibition of NLRP3 could alleviate SAH-induced vascular dysfunction and functional deficits. METHODS: We studied NLRP3 in an anterior circulation autologous blood injection model of SAH in mice. Mice were randomized to either sham surgery + vehicle, SAH + vehicle, or SAH + MCC950 (a selective NLRP3 inhibitor). The acute phase was studied at 1 day post-SAH and delayed phase at 5 days post-SAH. RESULTS: NLRP3 inhibition improved outcomes at both 1 and 5 days post-SAH. In the acute (1 day post-SAH) phase, NLRP3 inhibition attenuated cerebral edema, tight junction disruption, microthrombosis, and microglial reactive morphology shift. Further, we observed a decrease in apoptosis of neurons in mice treated with MCC950. NLRP3 inhibition also prevented middle cerebral artery vasospasm in the delayed (5 days post-SAH) phase and blunted SAH-induced sensorimotor deficits. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a novel association between NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction in both the early and delayed phases after SAH. MCC950 and other NLRP3 inhibitors could be promising tools in the development of therapeutics for EBI and DCI. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02207-x. BioMed Central 2021-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8293512/ /pubmed/34284798 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02207-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Dodd, William S. Noda, Imaray Martinez, Melanie Hosaka, Koji Hoh, Brian L. NLRP3 inhibition attenuates early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage |
title | NLRP3 inhibition attenuates early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage |
title_full | NLRP3 inhibition attenuates early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage |
title_fullStr | NLRP3 inhibition attenuates early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage |
title_full_unstemmed | NLRP3 inhibition attenuates early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage |
title_short | NLRP3 inhibition attenuates early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage |
title_sort | nlrp3 inhibition attenuates early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8293512/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34284798 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02207-x |
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