Soybean and Lupine Addition in Hen Nutrition—Influence on Egg Immunoreactivity

Modifying hen fodder is a common way of changing eggs composition today. However, there is no information on the effect of the source of protein in the fodder replacement on egg allergenicity. This research aimed to detect potential differences in the immunoreactivity and protein composition of eggs from hens fed with fodder containing legume. The aim of the first step of the study was to select the proper solvent for extracting allergenic proteins from hen eggs. Two of them (containing Tween 20 and Triton 100) were selected, based on protein profile and concentration analysis. Egg-white- and egg-yolk-proteins extracts prepared with them were checked for potential differences, using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and then the Western-blot method, using sera from children allergic to eggs and soy. Preliminary studies on the influence of fodder composition on the composition of egg proteins suggest that the addition of soy and lupine to fodder modifies the expression of egg proteins. The observed differences in the immunoreactivity of proteins contained in hen egg-white samples do not seem to be as significant as the appearance of protein with a molecular weight of ~13 kDa in the yolk of eggs obtained from soybean-fed hens. This protein may increase the immunoreactivity of eggs for children allergic solely to soy.