Cargando…
The Effect of Polarized Training on the Athletic Performance of Male and Female Cross-Country Skiers during the General Preparation Period
This study aimed to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of polarized training on body composition, cardiorespiratory function, and upper-body power of male and female cross-country skiers during the general preparation period. A total of 16 national cross-country skiers (8 male and 8 female; 8 national c...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8305392/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34356229 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070851 |
_version_ | 1783727563662688256 |
---|---|
author | Kim, Tae Ho Han, Joung Kyue Lee, Ji Young Choi, Yong Chul |
author_facet | Kim, Tae Ho Han, Joung Kyue Lee, Ji Young Choi, Yong Chul |
author_sort | Kim, Tae Ho |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study aimed to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of polarized training on body composition, cardiorespiratory function, and upper-body power of male and female cross-country skiers during the general preparation period. A total of 16 national cross-country skiers (8 male and 8 female; 8 national cross-country skiers and 8 national biathlon athletes) participated. Polarization training was conducted for 12 weeks from May to July in 2019 during the general preparation period for cross-country skiers. The low-weight, high-repetition method was used for strength training. The effect of the polarized training on body composition, maximum oxygen intake (VO(2)max), respiratory exchange rate, all-out time, and ski ergometer exercise time was assessed. There was no change in weight, BMI, and muscle mass in male and female cross-country skiers following the 12 weeks of polarized training (p > 0.05). Male body fat percentage (pre 18.1%, post 12.7%) and female body fat percentage (pre 29.1%, post 21.4%) showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). After training, VO(2)max increased by 7.72% in male athletes (pre 71.05 mL/kg/min, post 77.0 mL/kg/min) and 6.32% in female athletes (pre 60.26 mL/kg/min, post 64.33 mL/kg/min). Treadmill exercise time increased by 5.39% for male athletes (pre 1038 s, post 1064 s) and 2.23% for female athletes (pre 855 s, post 874 s). However, there was no significant difference between male and female athletes (p > 0.05). The 50% recovery time from the maximum heart rate to the target heart rate decreased by 64.52% in males (pre 168.8 s, post 102.6 s) and 6.48% in females (pre 135 s, post 129.6 s). Significant differences were found only in male athletes (p < 0.05). The double-pole 500 m exercise duration for the ski ergometer significantly decreased after the training for both sexes (p < 0.05). In this study, the 12 weeks of polarized training improved the body composition and athletic performance of all cross-country skiers. Interestingly, in this study, we confirmed that polarized training had a better effect on cardiorespiratory function in male cross-country skiers than in female cross-country skiers. Conversely, we found that the outcomes of the ski ergometer exercise factors were more effective in female athletes than in male athletes. Therefore, we insist that when applying a polarized training program to athletes, it should be planned in detail by sex, exercise amount, intensity, and type of training. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8305392 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83053922021-07-25 The Effect of Polarized Training on the Athletic Performance of Male and Female Cross-Country Skiers during the General Preparation Period Kim, Tae Ho Han, Joung Kyue Lee, Ji Young Choi, Yong Chul Healthcare (Basel) Article This study aimed to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of polarized training on body composition, cardiorespiratory function, and upper-body power of male and female cross-country skiers during the general preparation period. A total of 16 national cross-country skiers (8 male and 8 female; 8 national cross-country skiers and 8 national biathlon athletes) participated. Polarization training was conducted for 12 weeks from May to July in 2019 during the general preparation period for cross-country skiers. The low-weight, high-repetition method was used for strength training. The effect of the polarized training on body composition, maximum oxygen intake (VO(2)max), respiratory exchange rate, all-out time, and ski ergometer exercise time was assessed. There was no change in weight, BMI, and muscle mass in male and female cross-country skiers following the 12 weeks of polarized training (p > 0.05). Male body fat percentage (pre 18.1%, post 12.7%) and female body fat percentage (pre 29.1%, post 21.4%) showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). After training, VO(2)max increased by 7.72% in male athletes (pre 71.05 mL/kg/min, post 77.0 mL/kg/min) and 6.32% in female athletes (pre 60.26 mL/kg/min, post 64.33 mL/kg/min). Treadmill exercise time increased by 5.39% for male athletes (pre 1038 s, post 1064 s) and 2.23% for female athletes (pre 855 s, post 874 s). However, there was no significant difference between male and female athletes (p > 0.05). The 50% recovery time from the maximum heart rate to the target heart rate decreased by 64.52% in males (pre 168.8 s, post 102.6 s) and 6.48% in females (pre 135 s, post 129.6 s). Significant differences were found only in male athletes (p < 0.05). The double-pole 500 m exercise duration for the ski ergometer significantly decreased after the training for both sexes (p < 0.05). In this study, the 12 weeks of polarized training improved the body composition and athletic performance of all cross-country skiers. Interestingly, in this study, we confirmed that polarized training had a better effect on cardiorespiratory function in male cross-country skiers than in female cross-country skiers. Conversely, we found that the outcomes of the ski ergometer exercise factors were more effective in female athletes than in male athletes. Therefore, we insist that when applying a polarized training program to athletes, it should be planned in detail by sex, exercise amount, intensity, and type of training. MDPI 2021-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8305392/ /pubmed/34356229 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070851 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kim, Tae Ho Han, Joung Kyue Lee, Ji Young Choi, Yong Chul The Effect of Polarized Training on the Athletic Performance of Male and Female Cross-Country Skiers during the General Preparation Period |
title | The Effect of Polarized Training on the Athletic Performance of Male and Female Cross-Country Skiers during the General Preparation Period |
title_full | The Effect of Polarized Training on the Athletic Performance of Male and Female Cross-Country Skiers during the General Preparation Period |
title_fullStr | The Effect of Polarized Training on the Athletic Performance of Male and Female Cross-Country Skiers during the General Preparation Period |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Polarized Training on the Athletic Performance of Male and Female Cross-Country Skiers during the General Preparation Period |
title_short | The Effect of Polarized Training on the Athletic Performance of Male and Female Cross-Country Skiers during the General Preparation Period |
title_sort | effect of polarized training on the athletic performance of male and female cross-country skiers during the general preparation period |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8305392/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34356229 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070851 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kimtaeho theeffectofpolarizedtrainingontheathleticperformanceofmaleandfemalecrosscountryskiersduringthegeneralpreparationperiod AT hanjoungkyue theeffectofpolarizedtrainingontheathleticperformanceofmaleandfemalecrosscountryskiersduringthegeneralpreparationperiod AT leejiyoung theeffectofpolarizedtrainingontheathleticperformanceofmaleandfemalecrosscountryskiersduringthegeneralpreparationperiod AT choiyongchul theeffectofpolarizedtrainingontheathleticperformanceofmaleandfemalecrosscountryskiersduringthegeneralpreparationperiod AT kimtaeho effectofpolarizedtrainingontheathleticperformanceofmaleandfemalecrosscountryskiersduringthegeneralpreparationperiod AT hanjoungkyue effectofpolarizedtrainingontheathleticperformanceofmaleandfemalecrosscountryskiersduringthegeneralpreparationperiod AT leejiyoung effectofpolarizedtrainingontheathleticperformanceofmaleandfemalecrosscountryskiersduringthegeneralpreparationperiod AT choiyongchul effectofpolarizedtrainingontheathleticperformanceofmaleandfemalecrosscountryskiersduringthegeneralpreparationperiod |