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Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization
The aim of the present study was the full characterization, quantification, and determination of the digestive stability and bioaccessibility of individual betalain and phenolic compounds of Opuntia stricta, var. Dillenii fresh fruits (peel, pulp, and whole fruit) and of the products of the industri...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8307708/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34359463 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071593 |
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author | Gómez-López, Iván Lobo-Rodrigo, Gloria Portillo, María P. Cano, M. Pilar |
author_facet | Gómez-López, Iván Lobo-Rodrigo, Gloria Portillo, María P. Cano, M. Pilar |
author_sort | Gómez-López, Iván |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of the present study was the full characterization, quantification, and determination of the digestive stability and bioaccessibility of individual betalain and phenolic compounds of Opuntia stricta, var. Dillenii fresh fruits (peel, pulp, and whole fruit) and of the products of the industrialization to obtain jam (raw pressed juice (product used for jam formulation), by-product (bagasse), and frozen whole fruit (starting material for jam production)). Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii fruits and products profile showed 60 betalain and phenolic compounds that were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/QTOF, being 25 phenolic acids (including isomers and derivatives), 12 flavonoids (including glycosides), 3 ellagic acids (including glycosides and derivative), and 20 betanins (including degradation compounds). In vitro gastrointestinal digestion was performed by INFOGEST(®) protocol. Fruit pulp showed the greater content of total betalains (444.77 mg/100 g f.w.), and jam only showed very low amounts of two betanin degradation compounds, Cyclo-dopa-5-O-β-glucoside (and its isomer) (0.63 mg/100 f.w.), and two Phyllocactin derivatives (1.04 mg/100 g f.w.). Meanwhile, fruit peel was the richer tissue in total phenolic acids (273.42 mg/100 g f.w.), mainly in piscidic acid content and total flavonoids (7.39 mg/100 g f.w.), isorhamnetin glucoxyl-rhamnosyl-pentoside (IG2) being the most abundant of these compounds. The stability of betalains and phenolic compounds during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion is reported in the present study. In Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii pulp (the edible fraction of the fresh fruit), the betanin bioaccessibility was only 22.9%, and the flavonoid bioaccessibility ranged from 53.7% to 30.6%, depending on the compound. In non-edible samples, such as peel sample (PE), the betanin bioaccessibility was 42.5% and the greater bioaccessibility in flavonoids was observed for quercetin glycoside (QG1) 53.7%, the fruit peel being the most interesting material to obtain antioxidant extracts, attending to its composition on antioxidant compounds and their bioaccessibilities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8307708 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83077082021-07-25 Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization Gómez-López, Iván Lobo-Rodrigo, Gloria Portillo, María P. Cano, M. Pilar Foods Article The aim of the present study was the full characterization, quantification, and determination of the digestive stability and bioaccessibility of individual betalain and phenolic compounds of Opuntia stricta, var. Dillenii fresh fruits (peel, pulp, and whole fruit) and of the products of the industrialization to obtain jam (raw pressed juice (product used for jam formulation), by-product (bagasse), and frozen whole fruit (starting material for jam production)). Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii fruits and products profile showed 60 betalain and phenolic compounds that were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/QTOF, being 25 phenolic acids (including isomers and derivatives), 12 flavonoids (including glycosides), 3 ellagic acids (including glycosides and derivative), and 20 betanins (including degradation compounds). In vitro gastrointestinal digestion was performed by INFOGEST(®) protocol. Fruit pulp showed the greater content of total betalains (444.77 mg/100 g f.w.), and jam only showed very low amounts of two betanin degradation compounds, Cyclo-dopa-5-O-β-glucoside (and its isomer) (0.63 mg/100 f.w.), and two Phyllocactin derivatives (1.04 mg/100 g f.w.). Meanwhile, fruit peel was the richer tissue in total phenolic acids (273.42 mg/100 g f.w.), mainly in piscidic acid content and total flavonoids (7.39 mg/100 g f.w.), isorhamnetin glucoxyl-rhamnosyl-pentoside (IG2) being the most abundant of these compounds. The stability of betalains and phenolic compounds during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion is reported in the present study. In Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii pulp (the edible fraction of the fresh fruit), the betanin bioaccessibility was only 22.9%, and the flavonoid bioaccessibility ranged from 53.7% to 30.6%, depending on the compound. In non-edible samples, such as peel sample (PE), the betanin bioaccessibility was 42.5% and the greater bioaccessibility in flavonoids was observed for quercetin glycoside (QG1) 53.7%, the fruit peel being the most interesting material to obtain antioxidant extracts, attending to its composition on antioxidant compounds and their bioaccessibilities. MDPI 2021-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8307708/ /pubmed/34359463 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071593 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gómez-López, Iván Lobo-Rodrigo, Gloria Portillo, María P. Cano, M. Pilar Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization |
title | Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization |
title_full | Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization |
title_fullStr | Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization |
title_short | Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization |
title_sort | characterization, stability, and bioaccessibility of betalain and phenolic compounds from opuntia stricta var. dillenii fruits and products of their industrialization |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8307708/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34359463 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071593 |
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