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Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile?

In the last decade, cold water immersion (CWI) has emerged as one of the most popular post-exercise recovery strategies utilized amongst athletes during training and competition. Following earlier research on the effects of CWI on the recovery of exercise performance and associated mechanisms, the r...

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Autores principales: Ihsan, Mohammed, Abbiss, Chris R., Allan, Robert
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8322530/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34337408
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.714148
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author Ihsan, Mohammed
Abbiss, Chris R.
Allan, Robert
author_facet Ihsan, Mohammed
Abbiss, Chris R.
Allan, Robert
author_sort Ihsan, Mohammed
collection PubMed
description In the last decade, cold water immersion (CWI) has emerged as one of the most popular post-exercise recovery strategies utilized amongst athletes during training and competition. Following earlier research on the effects of CWI on the recovery of exercise performance and associated mechanisms, the recent focus has been on how CWI might influence adaptations to exercise. This line of enquiry stems from classical work demonstrating improved endurance and mitochondrial development in rodents exposed to repeated cold exposures. Moreover, there was strong rationale that CWI might enhance adaptations to exercise, given the discovery, and central role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in both cold- and exercise-induced oxidative adaptations. Research on adaptations to post-exercise CWI have generally indicated a mode-dependant effect, where resistance training adaptations were diminished, whilst aerobic exercise performance seems unaffected but demonstrates premise for enhancement. However, the general suitability of CWI as a recovery modality has been the focus of considerable debate, primarily given the dampening effect on hypertrophy gains. In this mini-review, we highlight the key mechanisms surrounding CWI and endurance exercise adaptations, reiterating the potential for CWI to enhance endurance performance, with support from classical and contemporary works. This review also discusses the implications and insights (with regards to endurance and strength adaptations) gathered from recent studies examining the longer-term effects of CWI on training performance and recovery. Lastly, a periodized approach to recovery is proposed, where the use of CWI may be incorporated during competition or intensified training, whilst strategically avoiding periods following training focused on improving muscle strength or hypertrophy.
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spelling pubmed-83225302021-07-31 Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile? Ihsan, Mohammed Abbiss, Chris R. Allan, Robert Front Sports Act Living Sports and Active Living In the last decade, cold water immersion (CWI) has emerged as one of the most popular post-exercise recovery strategies utilized amongst athletes during training and competition. Following earlier research on the effects of CWI on the recovery of exercise performance and associated mechanisms, the recent focus has been on how CWI might influence adaptations to exercise. This line of enquiry stems from classical work demonstrating improved endurance and mitochondrial development in rodents exposed to repeated cold exposures. Moreover, there was strong rationale that CWI might enhance adaptations to exercise, given the discovery, and central role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in both cold- and exercise-induced oxidative adaptations. Research on adaptations to post-exercise CWI have generally indicated a mode-dependant effect, where resistance training adaptations were diminished, whilst aerobic exercise performance seems unaffected but demonstrates premise for enhancement. However, the general suitability of CWI as a recovery modality has been the focus of considerable debate, primarily given the dampening effect on hypertrophy gains. In this mini-review, we highlight the key mechanisms surrounding CWI and endurance exercise adaptations, reiterating the potential for CWI to enhance endurance performance, with support from classical and contemporary works. This review also discusses the implications and insights (with regards to endurance and strength adaptations) gathered from recent studies examining the longer-term effects of CWI on training performance and recovery. Lastly, a periodized approach to recovery is proposed, where the use of CWI may be incorporated during competition or intensified training, whilst strategically avoiding periods following training focused on improving muscle strength or hypertrophy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8322530/ /pubmed/34337408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.714148 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ihsan, Abbiss and Allan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Sports and Active Living
Ihsan, Mohammed
Abbiss, Chris R.
Allan, Robert
Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile?
title Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile?
title_full Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile?
title_fullStr Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile?
title_full_unstemmed Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile?
title_short Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile?
title_sort adaptations to post-exercise cold water immersion: friend, foe, or futile?
topic Sports and Active Living
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8322530/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34337408
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.714148
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