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Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile?
In the last decade, cold water immersion (CWI) has emerged as one of the most popular post-exercise recovery strategies utilized amongst athletes during training and competition. Following earlier research on the effects of CWI on the recovery of exercise performance and associated mechanisms, the r...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8322530/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34337408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.714148 |
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author | Ihsan, Mohammed Abbiss, Chris R. Allan, Robert |
author_facet | Ihsan, Mohammed Abbiss, Chris R. Allan, Robert |
author_sort | Ihsan, Mohammed |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the last decade, cold water immersion (CWI) has emerged as one of the most popular post-exercise recovery strategies utilized amongst athletes during training and competition. Following earlier research on the effects of CWI on the recovery of exercise performance and associated mechanisms, the recent focus has been on how CWI might influence adaptations to exercise. This line of enquiry stems from classical work demonstrating improved endurance and mitochondrial development in rodents exposed to repeated cold exposures. Moreover, there was strong rationale that CWI might enhance adaptations to exercise, given the discovery, and central role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in both cold- and exercise-induced oxidative adaptations. Research on adaptations to post-exercise CWI have generally indicated a mode-dependant effect, where resistance training adaptations were diminished, whilst aerobic exercise performance seems unaffected but demonstrates premise for enhancement. However, the general suitability of CWI as a recovery modality has been the focus of considerable debate, primarily given the dampening effect on hypertrophy gains. In this mini-review, we highlight the key mechanisms surrounding CWI and endurance exercise adaptations, reiterating the potential for CWI to enhance endurance performance, with support from classical and contemporary works. This review also discusses the implications and insights (with regards to endurance and strength adaptations) gathered from recent studies examining the longer-term effects of CWI on training performance and recovery. Lastly, a periodized approach to recovery is proposed, where the use of CWI may be incorporated during competition or intensified training, whilst strategically avoiding periods following training focused on improving muscle strength or hypertrophy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8322530 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83225302021-07-31 Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile? Ihsan, Mohammed Abbiss, Chris R. Allan, Robert Front Sports Act Living Sports and Active Living In the last decade, cold water immersion (CWI) has emerged as one of the most popular post-exercise recovery strategies utilized amongst athletes during training and competition. Following earlier research on the effects of CWI on the recovery of exercise performance and associated mechanisms, the recent focus has been on how CWI might influence adaptations to exercise. This line of enquiry stems from classical work demonstrating improved endurance and mitochondrial development in rodents exposed to repeated cold exposures. Moreover, there was strong rationale that CWI might enhance adaptations to exercise, given the discovery, and central role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in both cold- and exercise-induced oxidative adaptations. Research on adaptations to post-exercise CWI have generally indicated a mode-dependant effect, where resistance training adaptations were diminished, whilst aerobic exercise performance seems unaffected but demonstrates premise for enhancement. However, the general suitability of CWI as a recovery modality has been the focus of considerable debate, primarily given the dampening effect on hypertrophy gains. In this mini-review, we highlight the key mechanisms surrounding CWI and endurance exercise adaptations, reiterating the potential for CWI to enhance endurance performance, with support from classical and contemporary works. This review also discusses the implications and insights (with regards to endurance and strength adaptations) gathered from recent studies examining the longer-term effects of CWI on training performance and recovery. Lastly, a periodized approach to recovery is proposed, where the use of CWI may be incorporated during competition or intensified training, whilst strategically avoiding periods following training focused on improving muscle strength or hypertrophy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8322530/ /pubmed/34337408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.714148 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ihsan, Abbiss and Allan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Sports and Active Living Ihsan, Mohammed Abbiss, Chris R. Allan, Robert Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile? |
title | Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile? |
title_full | Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile? |
title_fullStr | Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile? |
title_full_unstemmed | Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile? |
title_short | Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile? |
title_sort | adaptations to post-exercise cold water immersion: friend, foe, or futile? |
topic | Sports and Active Living |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8322530/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34337408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.714148 |
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