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Cytomegalovirus late transcription factor target sequence diversity orchestrates viral early to late transcription
Beta- and gammaherpesviruses late transcription factors (LTFs) target viral promoters containing a TATT sequence to drive transcription after viral DNA replication has begun. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a betaherpesvirus, uses the UL87 LTF to bind both TATT and host RNA polymerase II (Pol II), whe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8360532/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34339482 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009796 |
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author | Li, Ming Hu, Qiaolin Collins, Geoffrey Parida, Mrutyunjaya Ball, Christopher B. Price, David H. Meier, Jeffery L. |
author_facet | Li, Ming Hu, Qiaolin Collins, Geoffrey Parida, Mrutyunjaya Ball, Christopher B. Price, David H. Meier, Jeffery L. |
author_sort | Li, Ming |
collection | PubMed |
description | Beta- and gammaherpesviruses late transcription factors (LTFs) target viral promoters containing a TATT sequence to drive transcription after viral DNA replication has begun. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a betaherpesvirus, uses the UL87 LTF to bind both TATT and host RNA polymerase II (Pol II), whereas the UL79 LTF has been suggested to drive productive elongation. Here we apply integrated functional genomics (dTag system, PRO-Seq, ChIP-Seq, and promoter function assays) to uncover the contribution of diversity in LTF target sequences in determining degree and scope to which LTFs drive viral transcription. We characterize the DNA sequence patterns in LTF-responsive and -unresponsive promoter populations, determine where and when Pol II initiates transcription, identify sites of LTF binding genome-wide, and quantify change in nascent transcripts from individual promoters in relation to core promoter sequences, LTF loss, stage of infection, and viral DNA replication. We find that HCMV UL79 and UL87 LTFs function concordantly to initiate transcription from over half of all active viral promoters in late infection, while not appreciably affecting host transcription. Both LTFs act on and bind to viral early-late and late kinetic-class promoters. Over one-third of these core promoters lack the TATT and instead have a TATAT, TGTT, or YRYT. The TATT and non-TATT motifs are part of a sequence block with a sequence code that correlates with promoter transcription level. LTF occupancy of a TATATA palindrome shared by back-to-back promoters is linked to bidirectional transcription. We conclude that diversity in LTF target sequences shapes the LTF-transformative program that drives the viral early-to-late transcription switch. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8360532 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83605322021-08-13 Cytomegalovirus late transcription factor target sequence diversity orchestrates viral early to late transcription Li, Ming Hu, Qiaolin Collins, Geoffrey Parida, Mrutyunjaya Ball, Christopher B. Price, David H. Meier, Jeffery L. PLoS Pathog Research Article Beta- and gammaherpesviruses late transcription factors (LTFs) target viral promoters containing a TATT sequence to drive transcription after viral DNA replication has begun. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a betaherpesvirus, uses the UL87 LTF to bind both TATT and host RNA polymerase II (Pol II), whereas the UL79 LTF has been suggested to drive productive elongation. Here we apply integrated functional genomics (dTag system, PRO-Seq, ChIP-Seq, and promoter function assays) to uncover the contribution of diversity in LTF target sequences in determining degree and scope to which LTFs drive viral transcription. We characterize the DNA sequence patterns in LTF-responsive and -unresponsive promoter populations, determine where and when Pol II initiates transcription, identify sites of LTF binding genome-wide, and quantify change in nascent transcripts from individual promoters in relation to core promoter sequences, LTF loss, stage of infection, and viral DNA replication. We find that HCMV UL79 and UL87 LTFs function concordantly to initiate transcription from over half of all active viral promoters in late infection, while not appreciably affecting host transcription. Both LTFs act on and bind to viral early-late and late kinetic-class promoters. Over one-third of these core promoters lack the TATT and instead have a TATAT, TGTT, or YRYT. The TATT and non-TATT motifs are part of a sequence block with a sequence code that correlates with promoter transcription level. LTF occupancy of a TATATA palindrome shared by back-to-back promoters is linked to bidirectional transcription. We conclude that diversity in LTF target sequences shapes the LTF-transformative program that drives the viral early-to-late transcription switch. Public Library of Science 2021-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8360532/ /pubmed/34339482 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009796 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Li, Ming Hu, Qiaolin Collins, Geoffrey Parida, Mrutyunjaya Ball, Christopher B. Price, David H. Meier, Jeffery L. Cytomegalovirus late transcription factor target sequence diversity orchestrates viral early to late transcription |
title | Cytomegalovirus late transcription factor target sequence diversity orchestrates viral early to late transcription |
title_full | Cytomegalovirus late transcription factor target sequence diversity orchestrates viral early to late transcription |
title_fullStr | Cytomegalovirus late transcription factor target sequence diversity orchestrates viral early to late transcription |
title_full_unstemmed | Cytomegalovirus late transcription factor target sequence diversity orchestrates viral early to late transcription |
title_short | Cytomegalovirus late transcription factor target sequence diversity orchestrates viral early to late transcription |
title_sort | cytomegalovirus late transcription factor target sequence diversity orchestrates viral early to late transcription |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8360532/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34339482 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009796 |
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