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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chloroindoles Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne pathogen recognized as the prominent cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis globally, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. This study examined the antimicrobial and antivirulence properties of indole and 16 halogenated indoles on V. parahaemolyticus. Am...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8365150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34408739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.714371 |
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author | Sathiyamoorthi, Ezhaveni Faleye, Olajide Sunday Lee, Jin-Hyung Raj, Vinit Lee, Jintae |
author_facet | Sathiyamoorthi, Ezhaveni Faleye, Olajide Sunday Lee, Jin-Hyung Raj, Vinit Lee, Jintae |
author_sort | Sathiyamoorthi, Ezhaveni |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne pathogen recognized as the prominent cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis globally, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. This study examined the antimicrobial and antivirulence properties of indole and 16 halogenated indoles on V. parahaemolyticus. Among them, 4-chloroindole, 7-chloroindole, 4-iodoindole, and 7-iodoindole effectively inhibited planktonic cell growth, biofilm formation, bacterial motility, fimbrial activity, hydrophobicity, protease activity, and indole production. Specifically, 4-chloroindole at 20 μg/mL inhibited more than 80% of biofilm formation with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 μg/mL against V. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. In contrast, 7-chloroindole inhibited biofilm formation without affecting planktonic cell growth with a MIC of 200 μg/mL. Both chlorinated indoles caused visible damage to the cell membrane, and 4-chloroindole at 100 μg/mL had a bactericidal effect on V. parahaemolyticus within 30 min treatment, which is superior to the effect of tetracycline at the same dose. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses revealed that chloro and bromo at positions 4 or 5 of the indole are essential for eradicating the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. These results suggest that halogenated indoles have potential use in antimicrobial and antivirulence strategies against Vibrio species. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8365150 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83651502021-08-17 Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chloroindoles Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Sathiyamoorthi, Ezhaveni Faleye, Olajide Sunday Lee, Jin-Hyung Raj, Vinit Lee, Jintae Front Microbiol Microbiology Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne pathogen recognized as the prominent cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis globally, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. This study examined the antimicrobial and antivirulence properties of indole and 16 halogenated indoles on V. parahaemolyticus. Among them, 4-chloroindole, 7-chloroindole, 4-iodoindole, and 7-iodoindole effectively inhibited planktonic cell growth, biofilm formation, bacterial motility, fimbrial activity, hydrophobicity, protease activity, and indole production. Specifically, 4-chloroindole at 20 μg/mL inhibited more than 80% of biofilm formation with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 μg/mL against V. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. In contrast, 7-chloroindole inhibited biofilm formation without affecting planktonic cell growth with a MIC of 200 μg/mL. Both chlorinated indoles caused visible damage to the cell membrane, and 4-chloroindole at 100 μg/mL had a bactericidal effect on V. parahaemolyticus within 30 min treatment, which is superior to the effect of tetracycline at the same dose. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses revealed that chloro and bromo at positions 4 or 5 of the indole are essential for eradicating the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. These results suggest that halogenated indoles have potential use in antimicrobial and antivirulence strategies against Vibrio species. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8365150/ /pubmed/34408739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.714371 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sathiyamoorthi, Faleye, Lee, Raj and Lee. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Sathiyamoorthi, Ezhaveni Faleye, Olajide Sunday Lee, Jin-Hyung Raj, Vinit Lee, Jintae Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chloroindoles Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
title | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chloroindoles Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
title_full | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chloroindoles Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
title_fullStr | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chloroindoles Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chloroindoles Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
title_short | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Chloroindoles Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
title_sort | antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of chloroindoles against vibrio parahaemolyticus |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8365150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34408739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.714371 |
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