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Protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of ROCK1–Sp1–PKCγ axis
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the myocardium to pressure overload or adrenergic agonists. Here, we investigated the protective effects and the regulatory mechanism of protocatechuic acid, a phenolic compound, using a mouse model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Our resu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8405624/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34462460 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96761-2 |
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author | Bai, Liyan Kee, Hae Jin Han, Xiongyi Zhao, Tingwei Kee, Seung-Jung Jeong, Myung Ho |
author_facet | Bai, Liyan Kee, Hae Jin Han, Xiongyi Zhao, Tingwei Kee, Seung-Jung Jeong, Myung Ho |
author_sort | Bai, Liyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the myocardium to pressure overload or adrenergic agonists. Here, we investigated the protective effects and the regulatory mechanism of protocatechuic acid, a phenolic compound, using a mouse model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Our results demonstrated that protocatechuic acid treatment significantly downregulated the expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers (Nppa, Nppb, and Myh7), cardiomyocyte size, heart weight to body weight ratio, cross-sectional area, and thickness of left ventricular septum and posterior wall. This treatment also reduced the expression of isoproterenol-induced ROCK1, Sp1, and PKCγ both in vivo and in vitro. To investigate the mechanism, we performed knockdown and overexpression experiments. The knockdown of ROCK1, Sp1, or PKCγ decreased the isoproterenol-induced cell area and the expression of hypertrophic markers, while the overexpression of Sp1 or PKCγ increased the levels of hypertrophic markers. Protocatechuic acid treatment reversed these effects. Interestingly, the overexpression of Sp1 increased cell area and induced PKCγ expression. Furthermore, experiments using transcription inhibitor actinomycin D showed that ROCK1 and Sp1 suppression by protocatechuic acid was not regulated at the transcriptional level. Our results indicate that protocatechuic acid acts via the ROCK1/Sp1/PKCγ axis and therefore has promising therapeutic potential as a treatment for cardiac hypertrophy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8405624 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84056242021-09-01 Protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of ROCK1–Sp1–PKCγ axis Bai, Liyan Kee, Hae Jin Han, Xiongyi Zhao, Tingwei Kee, Seung-Jung Jeong, Myung Ho Sci Rep Article Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the myocardium to pressure overload or adrenergic agonists. Here, we investigated the protective effects and the regulatory mechanism of protocatechuic acid, a phenolic compound, using a mouse model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Our results demonstrated that protocatechuic acid treatment significantly downregulated the expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers (Nppa, Nppb, and Myh7), cardiomyocyte size, heart weight to body weight ratio, cross-sectional area, and thickness of left ventricular septum and posterior wall. This treatment also reduced the expression of isoproterenol-induced ROCK1, Sp1, and PKCγ both in vivo and in vitro. To investigate the mechanism, we performed knockdown and overexpression experiments. The knockdown of ROCK1, Sp1, or PKCγ decreased the isoproterenol-induced cell area and the expression of hypertrophic markers, while the overexpression of Sp1 or PKCγ increased the levels of hypertrophic markers. Protocatechuic acid treatment reversed these effects. Interestingly, the overexpression of Sp1 increased cell area and induced PKCγ expression. Furthermore, experiments using transcription inhibitor actinomycin D showed that ROCK1 and Sp1 suppression by protocatechuic acid was not regulated at the transcriptional level. Our results indicate that protocatechuic acid acts via the ROCK1/Sp1/PKCγ axis and therefore has promising therapeutic potential as a treatment for cardiac hypertrophy. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8405624/ /pubmed/34462460 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96761-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Bai, Liyan Kee, Hae Jin Han, Xiongyi Zhao, Tingwei Kee, Seung-Jung Jeong, Myung Ho Protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of ROCK1–Sp1–PKCγ axis |
title | Protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of ROCK1–Sp1–PKCγ axis |
title_full | Protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of ROCK1–Sp1–PKCγ axis |
title_fullStr | Protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of ROCK1–Sp1–PKCγ axis |
title_full_unstemmed | Protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of ROCK1–Sp1–PKCγ axis |
title_short | Protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of ROCK1–Sp1–PKCγ axis |
title_sort | protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of rock1–sp1–pkcγ axis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8405624/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34462460 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96761-2 |
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