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Measurement of Environmentally Influenced Variations in Anthocyanin Accumulations in Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok Choy) Using Hyperspectral Imaging
Dietary supplements of anthocyanin-rich vegetables have been known to increase potential health benefits for humans. The optimization of environmental conditions to increase the level of anthocyanin accumulations in vegetables during the cultivation periods is particularly important in terms of the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8416915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34489997 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.693854 |
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author | Kim, Hyo-suk Yoo, Ji Hye Park, Soo Hyun Kim, Jun-Sik Chung, Youngchul Kim, Jae Hun Kim, Hyoung Seok |
author_facet | Kim, Hyo-suk Yoo, Ji Hye Park, Soo Hyun Kim, Jun-Sik Chung, Youngchul Kim, Jae Hun Kim, Hyoung Seok |
author_sort | Kim, Hyo-suk |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dietary supplements of anthocyanin-rich vegetables have been known to increase potential health benefits for humans. The optimization of environmental conditions to increase the level of anthocyanin accumulations in vegetables during the cultivation periods is particularly important in terms of the improvement of agricultural values in the indoor farm using artificial light and climate controlling systems. This study reports on the measurement of variations in anthocyanin accumulations in leaf tissues of four different cultivars in Brassica rapa var. chinensis (bok choy) grown under the different environmental conditions of the indoor farm using hyperspectral imaging. Anthocyanin accumulations estimated by hyperspectral imaging were compared with the measured anthocyanin accumulation obtained by destructive analysis. Between hyperspectral imaging and destructive analysis values, no significant differences in anthocyanin accumulation were observed across four bok choy cultivars grown under the anthocyanin stimulation environmental condition, whereas the estimated anthocyanin accumulations displayed cultivar-dependent significant differences, suggesting that hyperspectral imaging can be employed to measure variations in anthocyanin accumulations of different bok choy cultivars. Increased accumulation of anthocyanin under the stimulation condition for anthocyanin accumulation was observed in “purple magic” and “red stem” by both hyperspectral imaging and destructive analysis. In the different growth stages, no significant differences in anthocyanin accumulation were found in each cultivar by both hyperspectral imaging and destructive analysis. These results suggest that hyperspectral imaging can provide comparable analytic capability with destructive analysis to measure variations in anthocyanin accumulation that occurred under the different light and temperature conditions of the indoor farm. Leaf image analysis measuring the percentage of purple color area in the total leaf area displayed successful classification of anthocyanin accumulation in four bok choy cultivars in comparison to hyperspectral imaging and destructive analysis, but it also showed limitation to reflect the level of color saturation caused by anthocyanin accumulation under different environmental conditions in “red stem,” “white stem,” and “green stem.” Finally, our hyperspectral imaging system was modified to be applied onto the high-throughput plant phenotyping system, and its test to analyze the variation of anthocyanin accumulation in four cultivars showed comparable results with the result of the destructive analysis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8416915 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84169152021-09-05 Measurement of Environmentally Influenced Variations in Anthocyanin Accumulations in Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok Choy) Using Hyperspectral Imaging Kim, Hyo-suk Yoo, Ji Hye Park, Soo Hyun Kim, Jun-Sik Chung, Youngchul Kim, Jae Hun Kim, Hyoung Seok Front Plant Sci Plant Science Dietary supplements of anthocyanin-rich vegetables have been known to increase potential health benefits for humans. The optimization of environmental conditions to increase the level of anthocyanin accumulations in vegetables during the cultivation periods is particularly important in terms of the improvement of agricultural values in the indoor farm using artificial light and climate controlling systems. This study reports on the measurement of variations in anthocyanin accumulations in leaf tissues of four different cultivars in Brassica rapa var. chinensis (bok choy) grown under the different environmental conditions of the indoor farm using hyperspectral imaging. Anthocyanin accumulations estimated by hyperspectral imaging were compared with the measured anthocyanin accumulation obtained by destructive analysis. Between hyperspectral imaging and destructive analysis values, no significant differences in anthocyanin accumulation were observed across four bok choy cultivars grown under the anthocyanin stimulation environmental condition, whereas the estimated anthocyanin accumulations displayed cultivar-dependent significant differences, suggesting that hyperspectral imaging can be employed to measure variations in anthocyanin accumulations of different bok choy cultivars. Increased accumulation of anthocyanin under the stimulation condition for anthocyanin accumulation was observed in “purple magic” and “red stem” by both hyperspectral imaging and destructive analysis. In the different growth stages, no significant differences in anthocyanin accumulation were found in each cultivar by both hyperspectral imaging and destructive analysis. These results suggest that hyperspectral imaging can provide comparable analytic capability with destructive analysis to measure variations in anthocyanin accumulation that occurred under the different light and temperature conditions of the indoor farm. Leaf image analysis measuring the percentage of purple color area in the total leaf area displayed successful classification of anthocyanin accumulation in four bok choy cultivars in comparison to hyperspectral imaging and destructive analysis, but it also showed limitation to reflect the level of color saturation caused by anthocyanin accumulation under different environmental conditions in “red stem,” “white stem,” and “green stem.” Finally, our hyperspectral imaging system was modified to be applied onto the high-throughput plant phenotyping system, and its test to analyze the variation of anthocyanin accumulation in four cultivars showed comparable results with the result of the destructive analysis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8416915/ /pubmed/34489997 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.693854 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kim, Yoo, Park, Kim, Chung, Kim and Kim. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Kim, Hyo-suk Yoo, Ji Hye Park, Soo Hyun Kim, Jun-Sik Chung, Youngchul Kim, Jae Hun Kim, Hyoung Seok Measurement of Environmentally Influenced Variations in Anthocyanin Accumulations in Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok Choy) Using Hyperspectral Imaging |
title | Measurement of Environmentally Influenced Variations in Anthocyanin Accumulations in Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok Choy) Using Hyperspectral Imaging |
title_full | Measurement of Environmentally Influenced Variations in Anthocyanin Accumulations in Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok Choy) Using Hyperspectral Imaging |
title_fullStr | Measurement of Environmentally Influenced Variations in Anthocyanin Accumulations in Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok Choy) Using Hyperspectral Imaging |
title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of Environmentally Influenced Variations in Anthocyanin Accumulations in Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok Choy) Using Hyperspectral Imaging |
title_short | Measurement of Environmentally Influenced Variations in Anthocyanin Accumulations in Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok Choy) Using Hyperspectral Imaging |
title_sort | measurement of environmentally influenced variations in anthocyanin accumulations in brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (bok choy) using hyperspectral imaging |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8416915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34489997 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.693854 |
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