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Anthocyanin Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial against Foodborne Pathogens Activities of Purple Rice Cultivars in Northern Thailand
Five glutinous purple rice cultivars and non-glutinous purple rice cultivated in different altitudes in the north of Thailand were collected. The samples were extracted using ethanol and determined for anthocyanins using HPLC. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8433650/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34500669 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175234 |
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author | Pattananandecha, Thanawat Apichai, Sutasinee Sirilun, Sasithorn Julsrigival, Jakaphun Sawangrat, Kasirawat Ogata, Fumihiko Kawasaki, Naohito Sirithunyalug, Busaban Saenjum, Chalermpong |
author_facet | Pattananandecha, Thanawat Apichai, Sutasinee Sirilun, Sasithorn Julsrigival, Jakaphun Sawangrat, Kasirawat Ogata, Fumihiko Kawasaki, Naohito Sirithunyalug, Busaban Saenjum, Chalermpong |
author_sort | Pattananandecha, Thanawat |
collection | PubMed |
description | Five glutinous purple rice cultivars and non-glutinous purple rice cultivated in different altitudes in the north of Thailand were collected. The samples were extracted using ethanol and determined for anthocyanins using HPLC. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens were investigated. The highland glutinous cultivar named Khao’ Gam Luem-Phua (KGLP) extract had significantly high levels of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, TPC, and TFC, as well as exerting a potent antioxidant activity through ABTS assay (524.26 ± 4.63 VCEAC, mg l-ascorbic-ascorbic/g extract), lipid peroxidation (IC(50) = 19.70 ± 0.31 µg/mL), superoxide anions (IC(50) = 11.20 ± 0.25 µg/mL), nitric oxide (IC(50) = 17.12 ± 0.56 µg/mL), a suppression effect on nitric oxide (IC(50) = 18.32 ± 0.82 µg/mL), and an inducible nitric oxide synthase production (IC(50) = 23.43 ± 1.21 µg/mL) in combined lipopolysaccharide-interferon-γ-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Additionally, KGLP also exhibited antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. These results indicate that Thai glutinous purple rice cultivated on the highland could be a potent natural source of antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and antimicrobial agents for use as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient in functional food and nutraceutical products. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8433650 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84336502021-09-12 Anthocyanin Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial against Foodborne Pathogens Activities of Purple Rice Cultivars in Northern Thailand Pattananandecha, Thanawat Apichai, Sutasinee Sirilun, Sasithorn Julsrigival, Jakaphun Sawangrat, Kasirawat Ogata, Fumihiko Kawasaki, Naohito Sirithunyalug, Busaban Saenjum, Chalermpong Molecules Article Five glutinous purple rice cultivars and non-glutinous purple rice cultivated in different altitudes in the north of Thailand were collected. The samples were extracted using ethanol and determined for anthocyanins using HPLC. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens were investigated. The highland glutinous cultivar named Khao’ Gam Luem-Phua (KGLP) extract had significantly high levels of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, TPC, and TFC, as well as exerting a potent antioxidant activity through ABTS assay (524.26 ± 4.63 VCEAC, mg l-ascorbic-ascorbic/g extract), lipid peroxidation (IC(50) = 19.70 ± 0.31 µg/mL), superoxide anions (IC(50) = 11.20 ± 0.25 µg/mL), nitric oxide (IC(50) = 17.12 ± 0.56 µg/mL), a suppression effect on nitric oxide (IC(50) = 18.32 ± 0.82 µg/mL), and an inducible nitric oxide synthase production (IC(50) = 23.43 ± 1.21 µg/mL) in combined lipopolysaccharide-interferon-γ-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Additionally, KGLP also exhibited antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. These results indicate that Thai glutinous purple rice cultivated on the highland could be a potent natural source of antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and antimicrobial agents for use as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient in functional food and nutraceutical products. MDPI 2021-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8433650/ /pubmed/34500669 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175234 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pattananandecha, Thanawat Apichai, Sutasinee Sirilun, Sasithorn Julsrigival, Jakaphun Sawangrat, Kasirawat Ogata, Fumihiko Kawasaki, Naohito Sirithunyalug, Busaban Saenjum, Chalermpong Anthocyanin Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial against Foodborne Pathogens Activities of Purple Rice Cultivars in Northern Thailand |
title | Anthocyanin Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial against Foodborne Pathogens Activities of Purple Rice Cultivars in Northern Thailand |
title_full | Anthocyanin Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial against Foodborne Pathogens Activities of Purple Rice Cultivars in Northern Thailand |
title_fullStr | Anthocyanin Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial against Foodborne Pathogens Activities of Purple Rice Cultivars in Northern Thailand |
title_full_unstemmed | Anthocyanin Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial against Foodborne Pathogens Activities of Purple Rice Cultivars in Northern Thailand |
title_short | Anthocyanin Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial against Foodborne Pathogens Activities of Purple Rice Cultivars in Northern Thailand |
title_sort | anthocyanin profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial against foodborne pathogens activities of purple rice cultivars in northern thailand |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8433650/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34500669 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175234 |
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