The phosphatase PRL-3 affects intestinal homeostasis by altering the crypt cell composition

Expression of the phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is known to promote tumor growth in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, and the incidence of tumor formation upon inflammatory events correlates with PRL-3 levels in mouse models. These carcinomas and their onset are associated with the impairment of intestinal cell homeostasis, which is regulated by a balanced number of Paneth cells and Lgr5 expressing intestinal stem cells (Lgr5+ ISCs). Nevertheless, the consequences of PRL-3 overexpression on cellular homeostasis and ISC fitness in vivo are unexplored. Here, we employ a doxycycline-inducible PRL-3 mouse strain to show that aberrant PRL-3 expression within a non-cancerous background leads to the death of Lgr5+ ISCs and to Paneth cell expansion. A higher dose of PRL-3, resulting from homozygous expression, led to mice dying early. A primary 3D intestinal culture model obtained from these mice confirmed the loss of Lgr5+ ISCs upon PRL-3 expression. The impaired intestinal organoid formation was rescued by a PRL inhibitor, providing a functional link to the observed phenotypes. These results demonstrate that elevated PRL-3 phosphatase activity in healthy intestinal epithelium impairs intestinal cell homeostasis, which correlates this cellular mechanism of tumor onset with PRL-3-mediated higher susceptibility to tumor formation upon inflammatory or mutational events. Key messages • Transgenic mice homozygous for PRL-3 overexpression die early. • PRL-3 heterozygous mice display disrupted intestinal self-renewal capacity. • PRL-3 overexpression alone does not induce tumorigenesis in the mouse intestine. • PRL-3 activity leads to the death of Lgr5+ ISCs and Paneth cell expansion. • Impairment of cell homeostasis correlates PRL-3 action with tumor onset mechanisms. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-021-02097-9.