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The Effects of Thermal Pasteurisation, Freeze-Drying, and Gamma-Irradiation on the Antibacterial Properties of Donor Human Milk
The most common pasteurisation method used by human milk banks is Holder pasteurisation. This involves thermal processing, which can denature important proteins and can potentially reduce the natural antimicrobial properties found in human milk. This study assesses the application of a hybrid method...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469727/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34574186 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092077 |
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author | Blackshaw, Katherine Wu, Jiadai Valtchev, Peter Lau, Edwin Banati, Richard B. Dehghani, Fariba Schindeler, Aaron |
author_facet | Blackshaw, Katherine Wu, Jiadai Valtchev, Peter Lau, Edwin Banati, Richard B. Dehghani, Fariba Schindeler, Aaron |
author_sort | Blackshaw, Katherine |
collection | PubMed |
description | The most common pasteurisation method used by human milk banks is Holder pasteurisation. This involves thermal processing, which can denature important proteins and can potentially reduce the natural antimicrobial properties found in human milk. This study assesses the application of a hybrid method comprised of freeze-drying followed by low-dose gamma-irradiation for nonthermal donor human milk pasteurisation. Freeze-drying donor human milk followed by gamma-irradiation at 2 kGy was as efficient as Holder pasteurisation in the reduction of bacterial inoculants of Staphylococcus aureus (10(6) cfu/mL) and Salmonella typhimurium (10(6) cfu/mL) in growth inhibition assays. These assays also demonstrated that human milk naturally inhibits the growth of bacterial inoculants S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and Escherichia coli. Freeze drying (without gamma-irradiation) did not significantly reduce this natural growth inhibition. By contrast, Holder pasteurisation significantly reduced the milk’s natural antimicrobial effect on S. aureus growth after 6 h (−19.8% p = 0.01). Freeze-dried and then gamma-irradiated donor human milk showed a strong antimicrobial effect across a dose range of 2–50 kGy, with only a minimal growth of S. aureus observed after 6 h incubation. Thus, a hybrid method of freeze-drying followed by 2 kGy of gamma-irradiation preserves antimicrobial properties and enables bulk pasteurisation within sealed packaging of powderised donor human milk. This work forwards a goal of increasing shelf life and simplifying storage and transportation, while also preserving functionality and antimicrobial properties. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8469727 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84697272021-09-27 The Effects of Thermal Pasteurisation, Freeze-Drying, and Gamma-Irradiation on the Antibacterial Properties of Donor Human Milk Blackshaw, Katherine Wu, Jiadai Valtchev, Peter Lau, Edwin Banati, Richard B. Dehghani, Fariba Schindeler, Aaron Foods Article The most common pasteurisation method used by human milk banks is Holder pasteurisation. This involves thermal processing, which can denature important proteins and can potentially reduce the natural antimicrobial properties found in human milk. This study assesses the application of a hybrid method comprised of freeze-drying followed by low-dose gamma-irradiation for nonthermal donor human milk pasteurisation. Freeze-drying donor human milk followed by gamma-irradiation at 2 kGy was as efficient as Holder pasteurisation in the reduction of bacterial inoculants of Staphylococcus aureus (10(6) cfu/mL) and Salmonella typhimurium (10(6) cfu/mL) in growth inhibition assays. These assays also demonstrated that human milk naturally inhibits the growth of bacterial inoculants S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and Escherichia coli. Freeze drying (without gamma-irradiation) did not significantly reduce this natural growth inhibition. By contrast, Holder pasteurisation significantly reduced the milk’s natural antimicrobial effect on S. aureus growth after 6 h (−19.8% p = 0.01). Freeze-dried and then gamma-irradiated donor human milk showed a strong antimicrobial effect across a dose range of 2–50 kGy, with only a minimal growth of S. aureus observed after 6 h incubation. Thus, a hybrid method of freeze-drying followed by 2 kGy of gamma-irradiation preserves antimicrobial properties and enables bulk pasteurisation within sealed packaging of powderised donor human milk. This work forwards a goal of increasing shelf life and simplifying storage and transportation, while also preserving functionality and antimicrobial properties. MDPI 2021-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8469727/ /pubmed/34574186 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092077 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Blackshaw, Katherine Wu, Jiadai Valtchev, Peter Lau, Edwin Banati, Richard B. Dehghani, Fariba Schindeler, Aaron The Effects of Thermal Pasteurisation, Freeze-Drying, and Gamma-Irradiation on the Antibacterial Properties of Donor Human Milk |
title | The Effects of Thermal Pasteurisation, Freeze-Drying, and Gamma-Irradiation on the Antibacterial Properties of Donor Human Milk |
title_full | The Effects of Thermal Pasteurisation, Freeze-Drying, and Gamma-Irradiation on the Antibacterial Properties of Donor Human Milk |
title_fullStr | The Effects of Thermal Pasteurisation, Freeze-Drying, and Gamma-Irradiation on the Antibacterial Properties of Donor Human Milk |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Thermal Pasteurisation, Freeze-Drying, and Gamma-Irradiation on the Antibacterial Properties of Donor Human Milk |
title_short | The Effects of Thermal Pasteurisation, Freeze-Drying, and Gamma-Irradiation on the Antibacterial Properties of Donor Human Milk |
title_sort | effects of thermal pasteurisation, freeze-drying, and gamma-irradiation on the antibacterial properties of donor human milk |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469727/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34574186 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092077 |
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