Unmitigated Surgical Castration in Calves of Different Ages: Cortisol Concentrations, Heart Rate Variability, and Infrared Thermography Findings

SIMPLE SUMMARY: In the United States, castration is a common husbandry procedure utilized in the cattle industry. Despite castration being painful, it is commonly performed without the use of analgesia, one reason being the lack of available approved analgesics in the United States for use in allevi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Bergamasco, Luciana, Edwards-Callaway, Lily N., Bello, Nora M., Mijares, Sage H., Cull, Charley A., Rugan, Stacy, Mosher, Ruby A., Gehring, Ronette, Coetzee, Johann F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469829/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573687
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092719

Internet

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469829/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573687
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092719

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