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Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics

The interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 virus Spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and the ACE2 cell surface protein is required for viral infection of cells. Mutations in the RBD are present in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that have emerged independently worldwide. For example, the B.1.1.7...

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Autores principales: Barton, Michael I, MacGowan, Stuart A, Kutuzov, Mikhail A, Dushek, Omer, Barton, Geoffrey John, van der Merwe, P Anton
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8480977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34435953
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70658
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author Barton, Michael I
MacGowan, Stuart A
Kutuzov, Mikhail A
Dushek, Omer
Barton, Geoffrey John
van der Merwe, P Anton
author_facet Barton, Michael I
MacGowan, Stuart A
Kutuzov, Mikhail A
Dushek, Omer
Barton, Geoffrey John
van der Merwe, P Anton
author_sort Barton, Michael I
collection PubMed
description The interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 virus Spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and the ACE2 cell surface protein is required for viral infection of cells. Mutations in the RBD are present in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that have emerged independently worldwide. For example, the B.1.1.7 lineage has a mutation (N501Y) in its Spike RBD that enhances binding to ACE2. There are also ACE2 alleles in humans with mutations in the RBD binding site. Here we perform a detailed affinity and kinetics analysis of the effect of five common RBD mutations (K417N, K417T, N501Y, E484K, and S477N) and two common ACE2 mutations (S19P and K26R) on the RBD/ACE2 interaction. We analysed the effects of individual RBD mutations and combinations found in new SARS-CoV-2 Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Gamma (P1) variants. Most of these mutations increased the affinity of the RBD/ACE2 interaction. The exceptions were mutations K417N/T, which decreased the affinity. Taken together with other studies, our results suggest that the N501Y and S477N mutations enhance transmission primarily by enhancing binding, the K417N/T mutations facilitate immune escape, and the E484K mutation enhances binding and immune escape.
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spelling pubmed-84809772021-09-30 Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics Barton, Michael I MacGowan, Stuart A Kutuzov, Mikhail A Dushek, Omer Barton, Geoffrey John van der Merwe, P Anton eLife Biochemistry and Chemical Biology The interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 virus Spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and the ACE2 cell surface protein is required for viral infection of cells. Mutations in the RBD are present in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that have emerged independently worldwide. For example, the B.1.1.7 lineage has a mutation (N501Y) in its Spike RBD that enhances binding to ACE2. There are also ACE2 alleles in humans with mutations in the RBD binding site. Here we perform a detailed affinity and kinetics analysis of the effect of five common RBD mutations (K417N, K417T, N501Y, E484K, and S477N) and two common ACE2 mutations (S19P and K26R) on the RBD/ACE2 interaction. We analysed the effects of individual RBD mutations and combinations found in new SARS-CoV-2 Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Gamma (P1) variants. Most of these mutations increased the affinity of the RBD/ACE2 interaction. The exceptions were mutations K417N/T, which decreased the affinity. Taken together with other studies, our results suggest that the N501Y and S477N mutations enhance transmission primarily by enhancing binding, the K417N/T mutations facilitate immune escape, and the E484K mutation enhances binding and immune escape. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8480977/ /pubmed/34435953 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70658 Text en © 2021, Barton et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
Barton, Michael I
MacGowan, Stuart A
Kutuzov, Mikhail A
Dushek, Omer
Barton, Geoffrey John
van der Merwe, P Anton
Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics
title Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics
title_full Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics
title_fullStr Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics
title_full_unstemmed Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics
title_short Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics
title_sort effects of common mutations in the sars-cov-2 spike rbd and its ligand, the human ace2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics
topic Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8480977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34435953
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70658
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